Applications of Internet of Things in Smart Cities: Bani Walid City as a Model
Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, public transportation, healthcare, adoption barriersAbstract
This research analyzed how people living in Bani Walid, Libya, recognize Internet of Things (IoT) technology, including its usefulness and application. The study aimed to identify how IoT technology can modernize urban framework elements, encompassing transportation, wellness solutions, waste disposal systems, and power-saving tools. The research employed a quantitative approach, gathering responses from 380 residents and 25 key stakeholders, including government officials, urban planners, and technology professionals, through structured surveys. Although respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of IoT and its advantages, they face multiple challenges, including high setup costs, difficulties in handling technology privacy threats, and readiness issues with existing systems. Individuals who have a better understanding of the Internet of Things tend to be more open to using such technologies. Due to these results, the research team advised raising public awareness while addressing technological challenges and budget issues associated with IoT deployments. Organizations that develop cities can utilize these findings to inform more informed decisions about incorporating IoT systems into their plans.
References
Akkaş, M. A., Sokullu, R., & Çetin, H. E. (2020). Healthcare and patient monitoring using IoT. Internet of Things, 11, 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100173
Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092
Alsharif, I., Hebrisha, H. E., & Ahmed, A. A. (2023). A Comprehensive Review Towards Libyan Smart Cities. African Journal of Advanced Pure and Applied Sciences (AJAPAS), 15-22.
Bhatti, F., Shah, M. A., Maple, C., & Islam, S. U. (2019). A novel internet of things-enabled accident detection and reporting system for smart city environments. sensors, 19(9), 2071. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092071
Gao, X., He, P., Zhou, Y., & Qin, X. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Applications in Smart Healthcare: A Survey. Future Internet, 16(9), 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16090308
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010
Gungor, V. C., Lu, B., & Hancke, G. P. (2010). Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid Applications. Computer Networks, 54(11), 1849-1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.003
Hassan, R. J., Zeebaree, S. R., Ameen, S. Y., Kak, S. F., Sadeeq, M. A., Ageed, Z. S., ... & Salih, A. A. (2021). State of art survey for iot effects on smart city technology: challenges, opportunities, and solutions. Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, 22, 32-48.
Jäger, M., van Loosen, I., & Giuliani, A. (2023). Affected the Governance. Agrobiodiversity: Integrating Knowledge for a Sustainable Future, 307.
Joyce, A., & Javidroozi, V. (2024). Smart city development: Data sharing vs. data protection legislations. Cities, 148, 104859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.104859
Khaleel, M. M., Abuali, T., & Alsharif, A. (2025). The Role of IT in Developing Smart Grids for Efficient Energy Distribution. The Open European Journal of Applied Sciences (OEJAS), 65-80. https://easdjournals.com/index.php/oejas/article/view/18
Kummitha, R. K. R., & Crutzen, N. (2019). Smart cities and the citizen-driven internet of things: A qualitative inquiry into an emerging smart city. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 140, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.12.001
Kurdi, G. (2022). Toward an Electronic Resource for Systematic Reviews in Computer Science.
Liu, M., Ma, J., Lin, L., Ge, M., Wang, Q., & Liu, C. (2017). Intelligent assembly system for mechanical products and key technology based on internet of things. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 28, 271-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-014-0976-6
Mathew, P. S., Pillai, A. S., & Palade, V. (2017). Applications of IoT in healthcare. In Cognitive Computing for Big Data Systems Over IoT: Frameworks, Tools and Applications (pp. 263-288). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70688-7_11
Mitoma, Y., & Simion, C. (2022). Modern Waste Management. In Biotechnological Innovations for Environmental Bioremediation (pp. 999-1028). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9001-3_38
Paiva, S., Ahad, M. A., Tripathi, G., Feroz, N., & Casalino, G. (2021). Enabling technologies for urban smart mobility: Recent trends, opportunities and challenges. Sensors, 21(6), 2143. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062143
Papastefanopoulos, V., Linardatos, P., Panagiotakopoulos, T., & Kotsiantis, S. (2023). Multivariate time-series forecasting: A review of deep learning methods in internet of things applications to smart cities. Smart Cities, 6(5), 2519-2552. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6050114
Patrão, C., Moura, P., & Almeida, A. T. D. (2020). Review of smart city assessment tools. Smart Cities, 3(4), 1117-1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3040055
Petersen, L. A., Woodard, L. D., Urech, T., Daw, C., & Sookanan, S. (2006). Does pay-for-performance improve the quality of health care?. Annals of internal medicine, 145(4), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00006
Serpanos, D., & Wolf, M. (2018). Internet-of-Things (IoT) Systems. In Architectures, Algorithms, Methodologies. Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69715-4
Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., & Grieco, L. A. (2015). Security, Privacy, and Trust in Internet of Things: The Road Ahead. Computer Networks, 76, 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.12.007
Troublefield, T. C. (2025). How Cybersecurity Professionals View the Integration of Software-Defined Networks and Containers to Improve Network Security: A Generic Qualitative Inquiry (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University).
UNDP. (2020). UNDP Supports Bani Walid’s Development and Recovery Efforts. United Nations Development Programme, Libya. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/libya
Wang, C., Qin, J., Qu, C., Ran, X., Liu, C., & Chen, B. (2021). A smart municipal waste management system based on deep-learning and Internet of Things. Waste Management, 135, 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.028
Wu, C., Thompson, M. E., Wu, C., & Thompson, M. E. (2020). Basic concepts in survey sampling. Sampling theory and practice, 3-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44246-0_1
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, M., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of Things for Smart Cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2014.2306328
Zhu, X. (2024). Smart Road Infrastructure: Ideas, Innovations and Emerging Technologies. Springer Nature Singapore, Imprint: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3831-1
