International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
type: channel
description: Journal Name: International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences ISSN (Print) : 2710-0316 ISSN (Electronic): 2710-0308 Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year) Nature: Print and Online Submission: Via OJS System Languages of Publication: English HEC Approved by "Y" Category
publisher: Al Khadim Foundation
language: en
publication name: International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
issn: 2710-0316
items: Feudalism and Pakistan: Impact on Primary Education
items: Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance: Evaluating the Impact of Decision-Making, Innovation, and Change Management in Modern Enterprises
items: The Effects of Leasing Finance to Create Income and Employment Opportunities by Advancement of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: An Analysis
items: Evaluating Pesticide Resistance in Red Flour Beetle Populations: Significance for Food Security
items: Hazrat Umar ibn Al‑Khattab (RA): His Life, Leadership, and Legacy
items: Dual Effect of Task Significance on Innovative Work Behavior through Cognitive Appraisal and Work Engagement: Moderating Role of PsyCap
items: Structural and NLO Properties of Novel Organic 4-Bromo-4-Nitrostilbene Crystal: Experimental and DFT Study
items: Water Stress, Climate Variability, and Economic Performance: Evidence from Asian Economies
items: Cultural Fabric Under Fire: Conflict, Clothing, and Identity in Swat
items: Quantifying The Impact of Cultural Dimensions on Investment Decisions: Evidence with External Riskmoderation
items: The Era of Digitalization of Islamic Banking: The Case Study of New World Order
items: Numerical Study of Barrier Height of Schottky Diode at High Temperature
items: Computational Technique 3D-Qspr Applied on Fbas By Using Comfa Technique
items: Risk Management Strategies in Financial Institutions During Economic Crises
items: The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance in Organizational Settings
items: Developing a Digital Literacy Based Pedagogical Model for Improving Autonomous Learning among Pre‑Service Teachers
items: Exploring the Influence of Brain Drain on Generation Alpha Students’ University Enrollment and Academic Development in Pakistan
items: Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment and Performance of Secondary School Teachers in District Jhang
items: Mental Health and Work-Life Balance
items: Justice, Human Rights, and Social Stability in the Light of the Quran: An Islamic Approach to Peace and Equity
items: Non-Muslims Sources in The Study of Sirah (PBUH)
items: Women Education in Sindh: A Comparative Study on Factors Exploring Gender Inequality and Women Educational Challenges in Rural and Urban Sindh
items: Psychological Consequences of Workplace Bullying on Governmental Employees in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan
items: Personality Dimensions and Multiple Intelligences: Examining the Interconnection in Business Education
items: Enhancing User Privacy in the Metaverse: Exploring the Role of Blockchain, AI Technologies, and Regulatory Frameworks in Addressing Privacy and Security Risks
items: Evaluating the Effectiveness of AI-Driven Personalized Recommendations in Enhancing Guest Experiences in Jeddah's Restaurants
items: Applications of Internet of Things in Smart Cities: Bani Walid City as a Model
items: The Role of Scholarships and Financial Aids in Enhancing Access to International Education: Opportunities and Challenges
items: Exploring Post -Disaster Livelihoods Opportunities for Women: A case study of District Sujawal & Badin Province of Sindh, Pakistan
items: Developing and Using the Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35)

Feudalism and Pakistan: Impact on Primary Education
type: item
description: This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of historical and contemporary feudal systems, contrasting the classic models of European and Japanese Feudalism (characterized by contractual fealty and military hierarchy, respectively) with the pervasive, exploitative structure of Pakistani Quasi-Feudalism. Defined by the monopoly of land and political influence held by a small percentage of dominant families, Pakistani feudalism sustains a complex hierarchy built on generational debt, dependence, and the subjugation of the peasantry, and crucially, this entrenched socio-economic and political fabric creates profound and systemic educational gaps. By synthesizing the legal challenges, cultural sustaining factors, and direct consequences on the peasantry, this work aims to highlight the urgent need for socio-economic reforms, with the concluding sections proposing actionable strategies for removing these systemic barriers and presenting a clear call to action to address educational inequality rooted in feudal practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feudalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Economic Reforms
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Kalim Ullah Khan
creator: Muhammad Adil Iqbal Muhammad Adil Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 748
ending page: 766

Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance: Evaluating the Impact of Decision-Making, Innovation, and Change Management in Modern Enterprises
type: item
description: Objectives of this paper are the application of concepts and principles covered in the topics relating to strategic management in order to develop a conceptual framework and creating relationships among concepts discussed in this regard. Based on an intensive literature synthesis carried out in the field of strategic management and decision-making, the article proposes a conceptual framework that explores the impact of strategic thinking-enabling factors on organizational performance, controlling for the moderating effect of decision-making styles. The factors of strategic thinking that the proposed framework recognizes as enabling factors are systems perspective, focused intent, intelligent opportunism, thinking in time, and hypothesis-driven analysis. Moreover, the proposed framework conceives of the role of the decision-making styles, namely the intuitive style and the rational style, as pivotal in facilitating these associations. With this conceptual piece, it means that at this juncture, there has been no verification process undertaken for this model. However, it has the highest level of validity and theoretical soundness in so far as its applications in deriving meaningful insights in order to advance strategic thinking and decision alignment are concerned.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strategic management
  topic: keywords
subject: Intuitive decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: Rational decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic thinking process
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Naseer Altaf
creator: Barka Khan Barka Khan
creator: Ayesha Bibi Ayesha Bibi
creator: Muhammad Tauqir Altaf Muhammad Tauqir Altaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 21
ending page: 34

The Effects of Leasing Finance to Create Income and Employment Opportunities by Advancement of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: An Analysis
type: item
description: In advanced and developing economies leasing finance is recognized as an alternative medium and long-term financing source for large to micro, small, and medium businesses, the agriculture sector, empowering women, setting up new business ventures, balancing, modernizing, and replacement activities. The analysis is carried out to find out the economic impact of leasing finance activity in the country from the angle of supply provider (i.e., the financial health of leasing Companies) and demand side (i.e., effects of leasing financing on SMEs). The regression method was adopted to analyze the relationship between input and output factors of the progress of the leasing business over the period 2010 to 2018, and 300 small and medium enterprises. Simultaneously, when it was examined through the significant financial ratio to ascertain the potential of leasing finance it was found that it can be utilized furthermore. The empirical result (P= 0.110) and borrowing and financial charges have a negative correlation with the profitability of the firms which indicates a decline in business activities. Thus, it doesn't stretch out a compelling advantage to the investors to grow business exercises. The test result P=<0.01 of the SMEs shows growth in business performance is due to the involvement of leasing finance activity on the other hand.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lease Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Income
  topic: keywords
subject: Employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: development
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Imdad Ali Khowaja
creator: Dr. Kamleshwer Lohana
creator: Prof. Dr. Sikandar Hussain Soomro
creator: Mr. Munwar Ali Ghanghlo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 732
ending page: 747

Evaluating Pesticide Resistance in Red Flour Beetle Populations: Significance for Food Security
type: item
description: The Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum H.) is a cosmopolitan pest of stored grains and cereals. This pest develops rapidly under favorable conditions in storage facilities such as warehouses, mills, and flour depots, affecting the quality of flour, causing significant economic loss, and threatening food security. The purpose of this study is to assess the resistance and efficacy of red flour beetle. The present study will play a very crucial role in the principle of integrated pest management (IPM), which enhances food security. Botanical pesticides Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica), AK or Milkweed (Calotropis gigantean) powder, Lemon Tree (Citrus limetta), and Babur/Kikar (Acacia nilotica) were evaluated. Neem recorded the highest mortality rate (20%), followed by (12%), lemon (11%), and the lowest Babur (9). The differences between the group means are statistically significant. P-value (0.00177) showed a low p-value (<0.05). A higher F-value suggests greater disparity between group means. F-value. Since 9.421769 > 3.490295, the differences between the groups are significant. The mortality rate is directly proportional to the increased dose. The neem appears to be the most effective, with the highest mortality rate of 20% at 20 g. Babur, on the other hand, has the lowest mortality rate, starting at just 2% at 5 g.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Red Flour Beetle
  topic: keywords
subject: Botanical Pesticides
  topic: keywords
subject: Mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhojoo Mal Bhojoo Mal
creator: Abdul Manan Shaikh
creator: Aiman Amur Aiman Amur
creator: Abdul Waheed Panwar
creator: Mansoor Anwar Mansoor Anwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 724
ending page: 731

Hazrat Umar ibn Al‑Khattab (RA): His Life, Leadership, and Legacy
type: item
description: Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA), the second Caliph of Islam, is widely regarded as one of the most influential statesmen and reformers in world history. His decade-long rule laid the foundational structure of Islamic governance, transforming a growing community into a powerful and organized empire. This expanded abstract provides a comprehensive overview of his political, social, military, economic, and administrative contributions, emphasizing his unparalleled legacy in leadership. Hazrat Umar's (RA) governance style was rooted in justice, accountability, and welfare. He institutionalized systems that ensured fairness for all—Muslims and non-Muslims alike—reflecting his firm belief that leadership was a trust from Allah. His reforms included the establishment of judicial courts, appointment of qualified judges, creation of police departments, organization of military registers, land surveys, and systematic revenue collection. These systems later became models for both Islamic and non-Islamic civilizations. Under his leadership, the Islamic empire expanded rapidly into Persia, Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and parts of the Byzantine Empire. These conquests were not merely military victories but strategic moves that introduced administrative discipline, infrastructural development, and social welfare to newly governed regions. Umar (RA) emphasized that conquered territories must be treated with fairness, ensuring protection of life, property, and religious freedom. Economically, his policies laid the foundation of one of the earliest welfare states in history. Initiatives such as the Bayt-ul-Maal (public treasury), stipends for the needy, pensions for the elderly, and allowances for widows and orphans showcased his commitment to social justice. He introduced systems of taxation, trade regulation, agricultural reforms, and market monitoring to ensure economic stability and transparency. His strong moral character, humility, simplicity, and fear of Allah made him a model of…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Second Caliph
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Justice and Accountability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Shoaib Arif Shoaib Arif
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 697
ending page: 704

Dual Effect of Task Significance on Innovative Work Behavior through Cognitive Appraisal and Work Engagement: Moderating Role of PsyCap
type: item
description: Purpose: The study aims to examine the dual effects of task significance on innovative work behavior through cognitive appraisal and work engagement, while considering PsyCap's moderating function. Design/methodology/approach: Current study is quantitative and for this structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from nurses employed at tertiary hospitals of twin cities of Pakistan. Findings: The results of the study support the idea that task significance is a special kind of stressor that can have both positive and negative effects. Employee engagement and innovative work behavior are boosted by challenge appraisal of task significance, whereas they are hindered by threat appraisal. Therefore, nursing management must create measures (such as training for developing PsyCap) to impact nurses' perceptions of task significance as challenges rather than threats to promote nurses' innovative work behavior. Originality: The current study is original and has not been conducted and submitted earlier to any other journal.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Task Significance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Appraisal
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovative Work Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Capital
  topic: keywords
creator: Saeed Ahmad Saeed Ahmad
creator: Lubaina Dawood Baig Lubaina Dawood Baig
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 705
ending page: 723

Structural and NLO Properties of Novel Organic 4-Bromo-4-Nitrostilbene Crystal: Experimental and DFT Study
type: item
description: A new organic nonlinear optical single crystal of 4-Bromo-4-Nitrostilbene (BONS) was synthesized and high quality single crystals of size 8 × 6 × 3 mm³ grown from the solvent ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) by the slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study confirmed the orthorhombic character of BONS with the space group P2₁2₁2₁, a prerequisite for second harmonic generation. Powder X-ray diffraction study further confirmed the grown crystal's crystallinity and purity. Functional group and bond characterization was done by the FTIR study while the ¹H NMR study confirmed the proton surroundings of the grown molecule. Optical transmittance study by the use of the UV-Vis spectrum showed the threshold wavelength of 405 nm and the band gap of 2.90 eV. Vickers micro-hardness test was used to determine the mechanical stability of the grown crystal while the laser damage threshold of the grown crystal was analyzed by the use of the Nd: YAG laser. The result showed a strong green emission of 515.44 nm. The nonlinear optical efficiency of the grown molecule was analyzed by the use of the Kurtz and Perry method and showed a high efficiency of about 69 times more than the KDP crystal. Density functional theory study was done to confirm the electronic and molecular geometry of the grown molecule's nonlinear optical properties. The result indicated a high charge transfer character of the molecule, hence the high nonlinear optical efficiency. The study indicated a high reliability of the DFT study and hence the molecule can very likely be used for nonlinear optical and optoeletronic applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organic compound
  topic: keywords
subject: Crystal growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Nonlinear optical materials
  topic: keywords
subject: DFT
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Amir Abbas
creator: Muhammad Junaid Muhammad Junaid
creator: Muhammad Shahid Rasool
creator: Jamaluddin Mahar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 20

Water Stress, Climate Variability, and Economic Performance: Evidence from Asian Economies
type: item
description: In this research, the multifaceted relationship between water stress, climate variability, and economic performance in Asian economies has been analyzed, revealing that water constraints have the power to significantly increase the macroeconomic impacts of climate change. The study, which is based on panel data of 45 countries from 1971 to 2024 and utilizing the Pooled Mean Group–Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model, examines the interaction between temperature, rainfall variability, water resources, and economic growth both in the short run and in the long run. The outcomes of the study show that the combination of limited water supply and erratic rain patterns results in a noticeable decline in output growth, which is most pronounced in agriculture-dependent and lower-middle-income areas. The researchers have observed a direct link between a one-degree Celsius rise in average temperature and the GDP loss amounting to several billions of dollars, with the intensity of the damage depending on the respective climate risk and water-stressed regions. Moreover, the impact of water scarcity on climate variability cast a shadow by the weakening of crop yields, disruption of industrial output, and limiting of adaptive capacity thus the results emphasize the fact that water stress is a key channel through which climate change affects the economy in Asia. The authors say that in the absence of regional cooperation in adapting to the changing conditions and sustainable water management, the problems of water scarcity and climate change together will continue to make the economy and different regions more vulnerable and polarize the differences in growth between them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Water Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Variability
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Asian Economies
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Gulzar Ahmed Gulzar
creator: Muhammad Saeed Hashmi
creator: Dr. Allah Ditta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 673
ending page: 696

Cultural Fabric Under Fire: Conflict, Clothing, and Identity in Swat
type: item
description: The 2007–2009 Swat Valley military conflict did more than disrupt administration and infrastructure. It shook the underpinnings of the cultural life as well. One of the lesser explored impacts is that on traditional fashion. This research discusses how Swat's fashion traditions transformed during and following the conflict, from vibrant cultural expressions to necessities driven by scarcity of resources, displacement, and fear. Aside from a decline in the use of traditional fabrics, findings of a data analysis of 200 respondents using SPSS indicate that communities are silently resilient in their attempts to preserve their cultural fabric.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cultural Fabric
  topic: keywords
subject: Clothing and Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Fabric
  topic: keywords
subject: Swat
  topic: keywords
creator: Eman Noor Eman Noor
creator: Bibi Zainab Bibi Zainab
creator: Maryam Kausar Maryam Kausar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 665
ending page: 672

Quantifying The Impact of Cultural Dimensions on Investment Decisions: Evidence with External Riskmoderation
type: item
description: International financial management has become increasingly complex in an era of globalization, where investment decisions are shaped not only by economic fundamentals but also by deep-rooted cultural dimensions and external risk factors. This study investigates the influence of cultural dimensions on investment decision-making and examines the moderating role of external risks within an international finance context. Grounded in cultural theory and behavioral finance, the research acknowledges that investor behavior, risk perception, capital structure preferences, and strategic financial choices vary significantly across cultural settings. Using an empirical and analytical framework, the study explores how cultural attributes such as uncertainty avoidance, risk tolerance, and long-term orientation shape investment decisions, while external risks include currency volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and macroeconomic instability, moderate this relationship. The research addresses a critical gap in existing literature by integrating cultural and risk-based perspectives into a unified investment decision-making framework. The findings are expected to provide evidence that cultural dimensions exert a significant influence on investment behavior, and that external risks either amplify or weaken this influence depending on market conditions. By highlighting the interaction between culture and uncontrollable external risks, the study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of international investment dynamics. The significance of this research lies in its practical and theoretical implications. For practitioners, it offers insights to design culturally sensitive and risk-aware investment strategies. For policymakers and academics, it provides a structured framework that enhances the understanding of cross-border investment behavior in volatile global markets. Overall, the study underscores the necessity of incorporating cultural intelligence alongside quantitative finan…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cultural Dimensions
  topic: keywords
subject: Investment Decision-Making
  topic: keywords
subject: External Risks
  topic: keywords
subject: International Financial Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioral Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-Border Investment
  topic: keywords
creator: Pershotam Oad Pershotam Oad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 648
ending page: 664

The Era of Digitalization of Islamic Banking: The Case Study of New World Order
type: item
description: The integration of digital technologies into the Islamic financial system has transformed both macroeconomic and microeconomic activities. In the contemporary world, digitalization is a driving force that shapes economic processes across industries. Often referred to as information and communication technology (ICT), digitalization enhances the accessibility, speed, and dissemination of critical financial information, which in turn supports economic growth. By leveraging advanced ICT tools, Islamic banks are able to streamline their operations, improve transparency, and offer more efficient services to customers. Mobile applications and digital platforms provide users with convenient, intuitive, and secure access to banking services, reflecting the increasing penetration of digital tools in everyday life. The collaboration between Islamic banking institutions and technology providers is fostering innovative information systems that simplify transactions, reduce operational costs, and promote financial inclusion. As a result, the rise of a digital economy is not only reshaping banking practices but also contributing to the broader development of economic, educational, and service sectors. Digitalization, therefore, serves as a pivotal mechanism for enhancing efficiency, customer experience, and overall economic performance in the Islamic financial sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic finance
  topic: keywords
subject: financial technology
  topic: keywords
subject: customer experience
  topic: keywords
subject: digital banking
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ahmed Raza Khan
creator: Prof. Dr. Aijaz Ali Khoso
creator: Dr. Muhammad Shoaib Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 640
ending page: 647

Numerical Study of Barrier Height of Schottky Diode at High Temperature
type: item
description: A numerical perspective through MATLAB is implemented in this research to discuss the high temperature effect on the electrical parameters of Schottky diode. Temperature dependent height of barrier and series resistance was obtained by using Norde function along with thermionic emission model. Capacitance-Voltage aspects of Schottky diode have also been discussed in a wide temperature range 700K-1000K and the values of height of barrier were computed. The discrepancy between the outcomes of height of barrier acquired from Norde function and capacitance-voltage aspect have been investigated. A rapid decline was observed in the values of series resistance with increase in temperature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Norde function
  topic: keywords
subject: Capacitance-Voltage aspects
  topic: keywords
subject: Barrier height
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature effect
  topic: keywords
creator: Nosheen Ahmed Nosheen Ahmed
creator: Mushtaque Hussain
creator: Azam Khan
creator: Mahwish Mahwish
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 632
ending page: 639

Computational Technique 3D-Qspr Applied on Fbas By Using Comfa Technique
type: item
description: CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) is a 3D QSAR technique based on data from known active molecules. To apply CoMFA, all that is needed are the activities and the 3D structures of the molecules.3D-QSPR studies are certainly of great importance in different branches of chemistry. This technique leads to locate the close relationship between bulk properties of compounds and their molecular structure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 3D QSAR
  topic: keywords
subject: CoMFA
  topic: keywords
subject: Computational Technique
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahwish Mahwish
creator: Syed Ishrat Ali
creator: Nosheen Ahmed Nosheen Ahmed
creator: Mushtaque Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 622
ending page: 631

Risk Management Strategies in Financial Institutions During Economic Crises
type: item
description: This study examined the risk management strategies adopted by financial institutions during economic crises. The research focused on key risk types (credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, operational risk) and evaluated strategies such as capital buffers, asset diversification, liquidity management, and enhanced governance. A survey of 150 banking-sector risk managers and secondary data from 20 financial institutions (2018–2023) were analyzed. Results suggested that institutions that maintained higher capital adequacy ratios, diversified assets, conducted regular stress testing, and enforced strong internal risk governance fared better—maintaining solvency and liquidity—compared to those with weaker frameworks. The findings highlighted the importance of comprehensive risk management frameworks and proactive risk mitigation, especially during systemic economic downturns.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: financial institution
  topic: keywords
subject: economic crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: liquidity risk
  topic: keywords
subject: credit risk
  topic: keywords
subject: capital adequacy
  topic: keywords
subject: stress testing
  topic: keywords
subject: internal governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Qudsia Khalil
creator: Dr. Sabir Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 61

The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance in Organizational Settings
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of various leadership styles on employee performance in organizational settings. The research focused on transformational, transactional, democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles to evaluate their effects on employee task performance, job satisfaction, and productivity. A survey was conducted among 200 employees from multiple industries, and regression analysis was performed to assess these relationships. Results indicated that transformational leadership and democratic leadership styles were positively correlated with employee performance, while autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles showed weaker or negative correlations. This paper highlights the importance of leadership style in optimizing employee performance and offers practical recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance productivity and job satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: leadership styles
  topic: keywords
subject: employee performance
  topic: keywords
subject: transformational leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: job satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational performance
  topic: keywords
subject: democratic leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: autocratic leadership
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sabir Hussain
creator: Qudsia Khalil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 49
ending page: 54

Developing a Digital Literacy Based Pedagogical Model for Improving Autonomous Learning among Pre‑Service Teachers
type: item
description: This research explores the formation of a Digital Literacy-Based Pedagogical Model (DL-PM) for self-regulated learning (SRL) among PSTs enrolled in Department of Education, University of Narowal. The notion of digital literacy as a required skill in 21st century teaching and learning is emerging, but pre-service teachers find it difficult to adapt their use of digital media to their own self-regulated learning. The objectives of this study are to identify the critical digital literacy competencies necessary to develop autonomous learners, model these competencies together in a pedagogical model, and investigate the effect those had on PSTs’, self-regulation and digital competence. A qualitative methodology was used with semi-structured interviews, reflective journals and participant observation. The sample for the study pre-service teachers was purposively selected to include participants with experience in digital learning environments. The participants were 30 (15 females and 15 males) pre-service teachers from different study levels, representing various perspectives. Researcher employed thematic analysis which enabled the identification of common themes and sub-themes in relation to digital literacy, independent learning and pedagogical incorporation. The results indicate that PSTs need to develop all of the cognitive, technical and socio-emotional digital literacy skills in order to achieve effective autonomous learning. The DL-PM, comprising curriculum integration, scaffolded instructional strategies, technology and resources support, and formative feedback mechanisms, promoted engaged learning, reflective practices and skill rehearsal. The model intervention positively improved PSTs’ agency, self-regulation and professional readiness, thus validating its transformative nature. This study informs of how designed digital literacy interventions may support independent self-regulated learners in teacher education. The results offer actionable insights for curricu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomous learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-service teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedagogical model
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Asim Attique
creator: Nafeesa Rani Nafeesa Rani
creator: Fakhar-Ul-Zaman Fakhar-Ul-Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 27
ending page: 48

Exploring the Influence of Brain Drain on Generation Alpha Students’ University Enrollment and Academic Development in Pakistan
type: item
description: This research examines the impact of brain drain on the university enrolment and academic career development of Generation Alpha students in Pakistan. Brain drain with outward migration of its professionals and talented young people has serious implications for the quality of higher education, institutional capacity, and talent build up in a nation. The aim of this paper is to realize how brain drain perceptions influence Generation Alpha scholars’ enrollment decisions towards Pakistani universities and their implications for academic development in the country. Qualitative research method was used for which a purposive sample of Generation Alpha Geer students were drawn from different urban and semi-urban areas in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews explored students’ perceptions about the educational experiences of domestic versus international study, financial implications, career opportunities and skilled professional emigration and the influence on their academic life. Thematic analysis techniques were used to determine recurring patterns of interest, governing themes and sub-themes. Generation Alpha learners are particularly interested in the scholarships granted by foreign universities, employment opportunities and research facilities. Declining push factors such as lack of funding, inadequate infrastructure and shortage of the local staff were said to be determining their decisions to enroll. Brain drain is having a negative impact on quality of academic guidance, research and motivation in Pakistani universities. Some recommended that scholarships, better infrastructure, career counseling and policy interventions would motivate students to study within the country and boost the nation’s academic growth. This study provides insights into the generational aspects on brain drain, particularly in regard to student perceptions and enrolment decisions and addresses its wider impact on the academic progress of Pakistan. The study offers recommendations for policy…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Brain Drain
  topic: keywords
subject: Generation Alpha
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: University Enrollment
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Fakhar-Ul-Zaman Fakhar-Ul-Zaman
creator: Dr. Muhammad Anwer
creator: Muhammad Shafiq Ch Muhammad Shafiq Ch
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 6
ending page: 26

Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment and Performance of Secondary School Teachers in District Jhang
type: item
description: Teacher job satisfaction has been widely recognized as a crucial factor influencing organizational commitment and performance in educational institutions. This study investigates the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment and teacher performance among secondary school teachers in District Jhang, Pakistan. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, and data was collected from 130 teachers using self-developed Likert-scale questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA were used to analyze the collected data. Findings revealed that professional qualifications and teaching experience significantly influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, gender and area (urban/rural) did not significantly affect teachers' performance. Results indicate strong positive associations among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and teachers’ performance. The study highlights the importance of school support, recognition, and professional development in enhancing teachers’ outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary School
  topic: keywords
creator: Rubab Batool
creator: Muhammad Ansar Abbas
creator: Qaisar Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

Mental Health and Work-Life Balance
type: item
description: This article examines complex relations between mental health and work-life balance, emphasizing their important role in personal welfare and organizational stability. Drawing on the definitions of the World Health Organization and the established work-life balance principles, find out how contemporary work environment affects the environment-high demands, blurred boundaries, and rapid technical integration-psychological health described by technical integration. Discussion works light up mental health issues such as stress, burnout, anxiety and depression, and their harmful effects on productivity, engagement and retention, such as the increasing proliferation of the workplace. By analyzing both organizational and personal responsibilities, the article underlines the requirement of active strategies including Employees Assistance Program, Flexible Working Systems, Leadership Modeling, Border-Setting and Self-Equipment Practices. This argues that it is necessary to promote the supporting environment, increase flexibility, and promote balance to reduce mental health risks and enable permanent professional and personal development. The findings asks for ongoing research and practical interventions to address the complex mutual action between mental health and work-life balance, eventually advocating for healthy workplaces and communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Well being
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-life Balance
  topic: keywords
creator: ArzO Sama ArzO Sama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 69

Justice, Human Rights, and Social Stability in the Light of the Quran: An Islamic Approach to Peace and Equity
type: item
description: This paper examines the Quran principles of justice (adl) and human rights as the pillars of a peaceful and stable society. According to it, it claims that justice preservation, individual dignity safety, and the realization of the basic human needs are not just the moral ideals of Islam but the social requirements. Based on numerous verses of the Quran, such as the version stating that the oppressed have the right to speak against injustice. The study highlights the overall Islamic structure of provisions on equality, security and welfare of every member of the society. Another fact that the paper brings to light is that those societies that practice justice and discriminate away will automatically attain social peace irrespective of their religious identity. On the other hand, in a situation where oppression, exploitation and economic deprivation are the order of the day, peace cannot be achieved. To sum up the discussion the comparison between the present day Muslim society and that of the Western countries is highlighted that although the latter may not claim to be Muslim, they have adopted the Qur’anic rules of justice and social well-being albeit partially and this has helped them to be stable and thrive.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: economic
  topic: keywords
subject: Qur'an and sun-nah
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Syed Attaullah Bukhari
creator: Dr. Abdul Waheed Memon
creator: Dr. Muhammad Shoaib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 66

Non-Muslims Sources in The Study of Sirah (PBUH)
type: item
description: Since the Prophet's passing, the Sirah (PBUH) has served as the focal point and source of writing. Over the years, sirah approaches have changed in both Muslim and non-Muslim contexts. The way that the Prophet and even Islam are perceived by both Muslims and non-Muslims has been profoundly inspired by this. Non-Muslim writers have approached sirah quite differently, while Muslim scholars have concentrated on specifics of the biography, what and why a particular incident occurred in his life, his leadership, reverence of his teachings, and other aspects of his life as a role model and lessons that can be derived from his life to emulate in daily life. Some are extremely critical to the point of ridicule and slander, while others approach it in a more authentic and genuine manner. While some take a more sincere and honest approach, others are so critical as to belittle and defame others. The way sirah is approached is greatly influenced by the materials they have access to, namely Arabic ones. Similarly, how sirah is viewed has changed significantly throughout time, especially in the modern day, due to exchanges with Muslims, technological advancements, and globalisation. A chronological and methodical assessment and analysis of the principal sirah texts authored by Muslims and non-Muslims since the seventh century are presented in this article. The evolution of sirah literature in Muslim and non-Muslim academia is traced by highlighting the causes and underlying elements influencing different sirah approaches over the ages.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sirah
  topic: keywords
subject: The Life of Mahomet
  topic: keywords
subject: William Muir
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Muslim
  topic: keywords
subject: Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical Discourse Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasir Majeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 47
ending page: 54

Women Education in Sindh: A Comparative Study on Factors Exploring Gender Inequality and Women Educational Challenges in Rural and Urban Sindh
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to investigate whether cultural, economic, and infrastructural barrier differences exist between education of women in urban and rural Sindh, Pakistan. Quantitative data were collected from 500 participants using the cross-sectional survey and over 50 participants who were interviewed for generating qualitative data. Findings reveal significant differences: mostly the urban respondents regarded women education as necessary for social and economic development aimed at better infrastructure, cultural tolerance and economic facilities. On the other end of the scale the rural respondents had a lower perception towards the priority given to women’s education due to cultural and social gender inequality, limited resources for education and dilapidated schools as well as poor infrastructure. The discussion reveals that cultural intermediaries, limited funds, and practical conditions affect the abilities of rural women to receive proper education. By comparing its results with regional and global research, the study insists on the need for such intervention measures as awareness campaigns, economic incentives, and infrastructural work that would be urgently needed in rural Sindh area. This study advances the literature on gender parity in education and offers policy directions for agents of change desiring to achieve contextualized and sustainable education transformation in Sindh province.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women’s education
  topic: keywords
subject: urban-rural disparity
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equity
  topic: keywords
creator: Ziauddin Ziauddin
creator: Imtiaz Ali Mangi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 241
ending page: 257

Psychological Consequences of Workplace Bullying on Governmental Employees in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan
type: item
description: Bullying at the workplace has been identified as a major problem, which affects both the psychological health of the people and organizational effectiveness. While the majority of the literature in this area is concentrated in private organizations, the present research assesses the effects of workplace bullying within governmental organizations in Pakistan. These organizations which are characterized by rigid hierarchies and bureaucratic structure might result in promoting bullying but few studies have explored this question. This paper aims to discuss the state and impact of workplace bullying on employee’s psychological health and wellbeing in Pakistan’s public sector organization which forms a significant portion of this country’s employees base. Based on the literature review, the paper analyses the negative psychological, emotional and physical outcomes of bullying such as stress, anxiety, depression and burnout. The findings suggest that there is a growing need to address this problem among governmental organizations to enhance the employees’ well-being and organizational output.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workplace bullying
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological health
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Public sector organizations
  topic: keywords
creator: Ziauddin Ziauddin
creator: Dr. Lubna Soomro
creator: Qudsia Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2022-03-31
publication date: 2022-03-31
starting page: 364
ending page: 380

Personality Dimensions and Multiple Intelligences: Examining the Interconnection in Business Education
type: item
description: This paper aims to investigate the association between personality characteristics and multiple intelligences in relation to business students’ achievements and the consequent occupational opportunities. Following the Big Five personality traits personality theory that divides the traits into openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, the research seeks to compare the personality dimensions with several cognitive skills. The research also applies the theory of multiple intelligences that tries to examine the extent of intermediate intelligence with character features affecting the performance of students. Perceived benefits of this investigation include discovering information that might help to improve the current instructional models tailored towards preparing business students for their profession and academic success. The findings are assumed to expand the knowledge of educational psychology, as well as offer usable insights for learners and instructors within the university environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Personality traits
  topic: keywords
subject: multiple intelligences
  topic: keywords
subject: Big Five model
  topic: keywords
creator: Ziauddin Ziauddin
creator: Marvi Pahnwar
creator: Qudsia Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2021-09-30
publication date: 2021-09-30
starting page: 351
ending page: 372

Enhancing User Privacy in the Metaverse: Exploring the Role of Blockchain, AI Technologies, and Regulatory Frameworks in Addressing Privacy and Security Risks
type: item
description: The advancing Metaverse presents major privacy and security concerns that require solutions to ensure the protection of the virtual environment for users. The study assesses the privacy threats to users, security instruments, technological progress, and legal components affecting Metaverse user privacy. Users remain ignorant about how much data Metaverse platforms acquire because the collection extends beyond personal details into behavioral patterns and biometric readings. Collecting user data and unapproved data transfers across multiple platforms generate significant privacy hazards. Security tools that use encryption and multi-factor authentication provide protection, but experts agree these measures fail to protect users from advanced vulnerabilities in virtual environments adequately. Implementing Blockchain alongside Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies could enhance privacy protection by enabling users to maintain decentralized data control alongside real-time privacy adaptation capabilities. Diverse obstacles continue to appear, including system expansion, ethical considerations, and seamless system integration. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), alongside other current laws, demonstrates inadequate privacy protection for Metaverse users, which requires the development of specialized and flexible regulatory frameworks. User empowerment involves the development of international data protection rules, continuous technological innovation, and educational programs to educate individuals about safeguarding their information. The evolving nature of the Metaverse requires all parties, from developers to policymakers, together with users, to unite their efforts for comprehensive privacy protection measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Metaverse
  topic: keywords
subject: privacy risks
  topic: keywords
subject: blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: AI technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: regulatory frameworks
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Aijaz Ali Khoso
creator: Dr. Sabir Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.5281/

Evaluating the Effectiveness of AI-Driven Personalized Recommendations in Enhancing Guest Experiences in Jeddah's Restaurants
type: item
description: The restaurant industry achieves superior customer satisfaction, stronger engagement, and increased loyalty by implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven personalized recommendation systems. As part of this research, the team assessed AI-driven restaurant recommendation systems in Jeddah's venue industry to measure their effects on satisfaction, engagement, and customer loyalty. Three hundred customers from ten restaurants that operated AI recommendation systems for six months or longer among high-end and mid-range restaurants participated in this survey. Researchers used an online questionnaire to analyze the data by performing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. On the contrary, satisfaction exhibited a small to no relationship with customer engagement (r = 0.04) and a slightly antagonistic relationship with loyalty (r = –0.05). The study results indicated that the correlation between customer engagement and loyalty (r = -0.08) was a weak negative correlation. While the research proved that AI can enhance dining experiences, it was shown that it faces challenges in keeping customer loyalty in the long run. The study data contained essential information to help managers of restaurants and developers of AI systems improve their recommendation systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Personalized Recommendations
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Loyalty
  topic: keywords
subject: Repeat Patronage
  topic: keywords
subject: Restaurant Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Jeddah
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospitality Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Data-Driven Insights
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Aijaz Ali Khoso
creator: Dr. Sabir Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-05-04
publication date: 2025-05-04
starting page: 23
ending page: 46

Applications of Internet of Things in Smart Cities: Bani Walid City as a Model
type: item
description: This research analyzed how people living in Bani Walid, Libya, recognize Internet of Things (IoT) technology, including its usefulness and application. The study aimed to identify how IoT technology can modernize urban framework elements, encompassing transportation, wellness solutions, waste disposal systems, and power-saving tools. The research employed a quantitative approach, gathering responses from 380 residents and 25 key stakeholders, including government officials, urban planners, and technology professionals, through structured surveys. Although respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of IoT and its advantages, they face multiple challenges, including high setup costs, difficulties in handling technology privacy threats, and readiness issues with existing systems. Individuals who have a better understanding of the Internet of Things tend to be more open to using such technologies. Due to these results, the research team advised raising public awareness while addressing technological challenges and budget issues associated with IoT deployments. Organizations that develop cities can utilize these findings to inform more informed decisions about incorporating IoT systems into their plans.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Internet of Things (IoT)
  topic: keywords
subject: smart cities
  topic: keywords
subject: public transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: adoption barriers
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashraf Ouda Abomandel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2025-04-22
publication date: 2025-04-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 22

The Role of Scholarships and Financial Aids in Enhancing Access to International Education: Opportunities and Challenges
type: item
description: In this qualitative inquiry, we explore the experiences of students in terms of their access to international education as an influence of scholarships and financial aids, particularly among social sciences students at the University of Narowal. The study uses a qualitative research design to gain insights into the experiences of students who have received or not received scholarships for international education. The study was done at the University of Narowal, and 50 students were sampled using a purposive sampling technique. The participants in the sample included 25 students who have won scholarships to attend international schools and 25 students who applied or intended to apply but encountered obstacles in obtaining financing. We conducted a study involving students belonging to the social sciences departments, English, Urdu, Education, Mass Communication, and Fine Arts, in our institution where the students possess much caliber but have limited international scholarships. The participants comprised students studying or expecting to study in these departments. Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document review were used for data collection. In-depth exploration of students’ experiences and perceptions of scholarships and financial aids was made possible through semi-structured interviews. The focus group discussions in FS facilitated co-exchange of experience and peer light for award application. The primary data was triangulated with document reviews of official university documents, scholarship brochures, and application forms. Scholarships play a major role in improving access to international education, particularly for disadvantaged learners, and offering transformative opportunities for both academic success and personal development, the study concluded. Accessing these opportunities, however, is not easy barriers like awareness, application complexity, and resource limitedness identified. This study adds to the global conversation a…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Scholarships
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Aid
  topic: keywords
subject: International Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education Access
  topic: keywords
creator: Professor Dr. Aijaz Ali Khoso
creator: Ehtsham Awais
creator: Muhammad Umair
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 17

Exploring Post -Disaster Livelihoods Opportunities for Women: A case study of District Sujawal & Badin Province of Sindh, Pakistan
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the impact of disasters on women's livelihoods and to identify and assess the opportunities available to women in the aftermath of such events in the Badin and Sujawal districts of Sindh Province. The focus is on women living in these areas. A multistage sampling method was employed to select households for the study, which involved intentionally choosing ten households from each selected hamlet. Consequently, the study includes a sample of 160 households from Badin and 120 from Sujawal, totaling 280 households across both districts. The research variables focus on livelihoods, opportunities, and the role of women in post-disaster recovery in Badin and Sujawal. Quantitative methods are employed to analyze both primary and secondary data pertaining to female livelihoods, while qualitative analysis is conducted through data reduction, presentation, and verification. Research has shown that rural women in disaster-prone areas of Sindh face significant limitations in accessing loans and assets, which obstructs their ability to improve their livelihoods after disasters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Post –Disaster
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: Opportunities
  topic: keywords
subject: resilience vulnerability poverty and displacement
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Nosheen Abdul Raheem Abro
creator: Dr. Nazir Ahmed
creator: Dr. Zahid H. Channa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 611
ending page: 621

Developing and Using the Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35)
type: item
description: Academic honesty is the ethical foundation of academia, requiring students to uphold integrity in their academic practices. However, many students violate these principles, often due to a lack of understanding of academic dishonesty. Regardless of the reasons, maintaining academic integrity is essential, and any breach is unacceptable. However, there is limited research on undergraduate students' awareness of academic dishonesty in the context of Shaheed Benazirabad, and a comprehensive, validated instrument to measure this awareness was lacking. This study aimed to address this gap by developing and utilizing the Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35) to assess undergraduate students' awareness of academic dishonesty. Awareness was examined across seven sub-areas: Fabrication, Falsification, Academic Sabotage, Disruptive Conduct, Deception, Collusion, and Plagiarism. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a quantitative approach. The sample included 263 final-year undergraduates (SBBU: 228, SBBUVAS: 35), selected through proportionate stratified sampling. Data were collected via the self-developed Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35) and analyzed using SPSS to calculate percentages, frequencies, and applying t-tests. Findings revealed that ADAQ-35 is a valid and reliable instrument to measure awareness about Academic Dishonesty and overall awareness of respondents about academic dishonesty was 25.37%. Independent t-tests showed no significant differences in awareness based on university or gender. Based on these findings, researchers should use ADAQ-35 to measure awareness about Academic Dishonesty and universities should establish academic integrity centers to enhance students' understanding of academic honesty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35) Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Undergraduates
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Dishonesty
  topic: keywords
creator: Naseem Hyder Rajput
creator: Prof. Dr. Tayyaba Zarif
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 960
ending page: 985