To analyze Transformational Leadership and OCB an effect on Organizational Commitment: Higher Education Teaching Faculty of Pakistan
Keywords:
Organizational Citizenship Behavior, organizational commitment, Training & Development, Transformational LeadershipAbstract
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is denoted to additional efforts or out of context role played by employee(s) which is beyond one’s formal job description prescribed by the organization. OCB is not actually a written agreement or it may not be required from an ordinary worker, but this behavior has great importance and likely desired in the organizational settings. Leader toils to his level best to mold follower's (employee) attitude towards organizational targets. Leadership remained a vital topic under various theorists but the Transformational Leadership was the most prominent. As higher education institutes are a hub of high level education providing places of any country, subsequently the educational standard and quality of deliverance have much more importance for them. The behavioral difference amongst university teachers’ worth require professional growth so teacher ship cannot be isolated from the development. Quality enhancement is essential for the individuals who are related with teaching and learning environment. Here, to explore the effects of OCB on the OC explicitly in connection to higher education teaching faculty of Pakistan. It portrays the significance of OCB in the enhancement of efficiency of firm and furthermore to determine the influencing and generating factors of OC. This study comprehends the correlation of transformational leadership, T & D chances, work and life plans & empowerment activities with organizational commitment and to evaluate significance of OCB of teachers in the triumph of their respective institutions in Pakistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10258945
References
Adamson. P., & Caple.J. (1996).The training and development audit evolves: is your training and development budget wasted? Journal of European Industrial Training, 20(5), 3–12.
Antonacopoulou. E.P. (2000). Reconnecting education, development and training through learning: a holographic perspective. Education + Training, 42 (4/5), 255-263.
Avey. J.B., Hughes. L.W., Norman. S.M., & Luthans. K.W. (2008). Using positivity, transformational leadership and empowerment to combat employee negativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29 (2), 110-126.
Aycan. Z., Kanungo. R.N., Mendonca. M, Yu. K, Deller. J., Stahl. G., & Kurshid. A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource practices: A 10-country comparison. Applied psychology: An international review, 49(1), 192221.
Baalen. P.V., & Hoogendoorn .J. (1999). Training and development in the Dutch context: an overture to the knowledge society? Industrial and Commercial Training, 31 (2), 61–71.
Barnett. R.C., & Hall. D.T. (2001). How to Use Reduced Hours To Win the War for Talent. Organizational Dynamics, 29 (3), 192–210.
Beinstock. C.C., De Moranville. C.W. & Smith. R.K. (2003).Organizational citizenship behavior and service quality. Journal of services marketing, 17(4), 357-378.
Bhatnagar. J. (2007). Predictors of organizational commitment in India: strategic HR roles, organizational learning capability and psychological empowerment The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18 (10), 1782-1812.
Boon. O.K., & Arumugam. V. (2006). The influence of corporate culture on organizational commitment: case study of semiconductor organizations in Malaysia. Sunway Academic Journal, 3, 99–115.
Brege. Z., Verneil. M.D., Berge. N., Davis. L., & Smith. D. (2002).The increasing scope of training and development competency. Benchmarking an international journal, 9(1), 43-61.
Brewer. A.M. (1996). Developing commitment between managers and employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11 (4), 24-34.
Brown. M., Boyle. B., & Boyle. T. (2002). Professional development and management training needs for heads of departments in UK secondary schools. Journal of educational administration, 40(1), 31-43.
Cacioppe. R. (1998). Structured empowerment: an award-winning program at the Burswood Resort Hotel. Leadership & Organization, Development Journal 19(5), 264–274.
Chang. E. (1999). Career Commitment as a Complex Moderator of Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention. Human Relations, 52 (10), 1257-1278.
Chew. J., & Chan. C.C.A. (2008). Human resource practices, organizational commitment and intention to stay. International Journal of Manpower, 29 (6), 503-522.
Chughtai. A.A & Zafar. S. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment among Pakistani University Teachers. Applied H.R.M. Research, 11(1), 39-64.
Cohen. A., & Kol. Y. (2004). Professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior an empirical examination among Israeli nurses. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19 (4), 386-405.
Dee. J.R., Alan B. Henkin. A.B. & Duemer. L. (2003).Structural antecedents and psychological correlates of teacher empowerment. Teacher Empowerment, 41(3), 257-277.
Deery. M. (2008). Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20 (7), 792-806.
Denton. D.K. (1994). Empowerment through Employee Involvement and participation Ford’s Development and Training Programs. Empowerment in Organizations, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1994, pp. 22-28
Dimitriades. Z.S. (2007). The influence of service climate and job involvement on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in Greek service organizations: a survey. Employee Relations, 29 (5), 469491.
Dockel. A., Basson. J.S., & Coetzee. M. (2006).The effect of retention factors on organizational commitment: An investigation of high technology employees. Journal of Human Resource Management, 4 (2), 20-28.
Farh. J.L., Zhong. C.B., & Organ. D.W. (2004). Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the People’s Republic of China. Organization Science, 15(2), .241–253.
Foote. D.A., Seipel. S.J., Johnson. N.B., & Duffy. M.K. (2005). Employee commitment and organizational policies. Management Decision, 43(2), 203-219.
Freund. A., & Carmeli. A. (2003). An empirical assessment: reconstructed model for five universal forms of work commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology 18(7), 708-725.
Garavan. T.N. (1997). Training, development, education and learning: different or the same? Journal of European Industrial Training, 21(2), 39–50.
Garavan. T.N., Barnicle. B., & Heraty. N. (1993). The Training and Development Function: its Search for Power and Influence in Organizations. Journal of European Industrial Training, 17 (7), 22-32.
Garg. P., & Rastogi. R. (2006). Climate profile and OCBs of teachers in public and private schools of India. International Journal of Educational Management, 20(7), 529-541.
Gautam. T, Dick. R. V., Wagner. U., Upadhyay. N., & Davis. A.J. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment in Nepal. sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/.
Glass. J.L., & Riley. L. (1998).Family responsive policies and employee retention following childbirth. Social forces, 76(4), 1401-35.
Greasley. K., Bryman. A., Dainty. A., Price. A., Naismith. N., & Soetanto. R. (2008). Understanding empowerment from an employee perspective what does it mean and do they want it? Team Performance Management, 14 (½), 39-55.
Guy. F. (2003). High-involvement work practices and employee bargaining power. Employee Relations, 25 (5), 453-469.
Jarrar.y. f., & Zairi. M. (2002). Employee empowerment-a UK survey of trends and best practices. Managerial auditing journal, 17(5), 266-271.
Jernigan. I.E., Beggs. J.M., & Kohut. G.F. (2002). Dimensions of work satisfaction as predictor of commitment type. Journal of managerial psychology, 17(7), 546-579.
Joolideh. F. & Yeshodhara. K. (2009). Organizational commitment among high school teachers of India and Iran. Journal of Educational Administration, 47 (1), 127-136.
Jung. J.Y., & Hong. S. (2008). Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), TQM and performance at the maquiladora. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 25 (8), 793-808.
Kagaari. J.R.K., & Munene. J.C. (2007). Engineering lecturers’ competencies and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) at Kyambogo University. Journal of European Industrial Training, 31 (9), 706-726.
Kalleberg. A.L., & Moody. J.W. (1994).Human resource management and organizational performance. American behavioral scientist. 37, 948.
Khayyat. R.A. (1998). Training and development needs assessment: a practical model for partner institutes. Journal of European Industrial Training, 22(1), 18–27.
Koster. F & Sanders. K. (2006). Organizational citizens or reciprocal relationships? An empirical comparison. Personal Review, 35 (5), 519-537.
Lara. P.Z.M.D. (2008). Fairness, teachers’ non-task behavior and alumni satisfaction: The influence of group commitment. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(4), 514-538.
Lara. Z.M.D., & Rodriguez. T.F.E. (2007). Organizational anomie as moderator of the relationship between an unfavorable attitudinal environment and citizenship behavior (OCB): An empirical study among university administration and services personnel. Personnel Review, 36 (6), 843-866.
Liu. A.M.M., Chiu. W.M., & Fellows. R. (2007). Enhancing commitment through work empowerment.
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14(6), 568-580.
Liu. C.M. (2007). The early employment influences of sales representatives on the development of organizational commitment. Employee Relations, 29(1), 5-15.
Liu. Y. (2009). Perceived organizational support and expatriate organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of affective commitment towards the parent company. Personnel Review, 38 (3), 307-319.
Lok. P., & Crawford. J. Antecedents of organizational commitment and the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of managerial psychology, 16(8), 594-613.
Maxwell, G. (2005), Checks and Balances: The role of managers in work life balance policies and practices, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.12, pp.179-89.
McCabe. T.J., & Garavan. T.N. (2008). A study of the drivers of commitment amongst nurses The salience of training, development and career issues. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32 (7), 528-568.
McEwan. A.M., & Sackett. P. (1997). Theoretical considerations of employee empowerment within computer integrated manufacturing production. Empowerment in Organizations, 5 (3), 129-138.
Meyerson. S.L., & Kline. T.J.B. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: antecedents and consequences. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29 (5), 444-460.
Moye. M.J., & Henkin. A.B. (2006). Exploring associations between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers. Journal of Management Development, 25 (2), 101-117.
National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan. (2009,February).http://www.teachereducation.net.pk/files/National%20Professional%20standard%20for%20Teahers. pdf.
Nykodym. N., Simonetti. J.L., Nielsen. W.R., & Welling. B. (1994). Employee Empowerment. Empowerment in Organizations, 2 (3), 45-55.
Odhiambo. G. (2008). Elusive search for quality education: The case of quality assurance and teacher accountability. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(5), 417 – 431.
Paré, G., Tremblay, M. & Lalonde, P. (2001). The role of organizational commitment and citizenship behaviors in understanding relations between human resources practices and turnover intentions of IT personnel. Scientific Series #2001s-24, CIRANO, Montreal, Canada.
Parish. J.T., Cadwallader. S., & Busch. P. (2008). Want to, need to, ought to: employee commitment to organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management 21 (1), 32-52.
Pastor. J. (1996). Empowerment: what it is and what it is not. Empowerment in Organizations, 4(2), 5–7.
Paul. R.J, Brian P. Niehoff. B.P., & Turnley. W.H.(2000). Empowerment, expectations, and the psychological contract managing the dilemmas and gaining the advantages. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29(5), 471-485.
Pleck, joseph H., graham staines & Larry Lang (1980), Conflicts between work and family life, Monthly Labors Review, March, 29-32.
Podsakoff P.M., MacKenzie S.B., Moorman R. H., Fetter R., Transformational Leader Behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1990, 107-142.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. 1974. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 59: 603-609.
Putterill. M.S., & Rohrer. T.C. (1995).A causal model of employee commitment in a manufacturing setting. International Journal of Manpower, 16 (5/6), 56-69.
Robert J.M. ( 1996). Overcoming the barriers to TQM's success. Quality Progress, 29(5), 53.
Rogg, K. L., Schmidt, D. B., Shull, C. & Schmitt, N. (2001). Human resources practices, organizational climate and customer satisfaction. Journal of Management, 27, 431–449.
Samat. N., Ramayah. T., & Saad. N.M. (2006). TQM practices, service quality, and market orientation some empirical evidence from a developing country. Management Research News, 29(11), 713-728.
Schepman. S.B., & Zarate. M.A. (2008). The Relationship between Burnout, Negative Affectivity and Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Human Services Employees. Proceedings of world academy of science, engineering and technology. 30, 1307-6884.
Schwartz. D.B. (1996). The impact of work-family policies on women’s career development: boon or bust? Women in Management Review, 11 (1), 5–19.
Stassen. M.A., & Templer. A. (2005). Adapting training for older employees The Canadian response to an aging workforce. Journal of Management Development, 24 (1), 57-67
Stallworth. S.H. (2003).Mentoring, organizational commitment and intentions to leave public accounting. Managerial auditing journal, 18(5), 405-418.
Torlak. O., & Koc. U. (2007). Materialistic attitude as an antecedent of organizational citizenship behavior. Management Research News, 30 (8), 581-596.
Tremblay M., Rondeau A., and Lemelin M., La miseen oeuvre de pratiques innovatrices de gestion des ressources humaines a-t-elle une influence sur la mobilization. GRH face h crise: GRH en crise?, Presses HEC, 1997, 97-109.
Turnipseed.D & Murkison. G. (1996). Organization citizenship behaviour: an examination of the influence of the workplace. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(2), 42–47.
Val. M.P.D., & Lloyd. B. (2003).Measuring Empowerment. Leadership and organization development journal, 24(2), 102-108.
Williams L.J., Anderson S.E., Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 1991, 601-617.
Wilson. J.P., & Western. S. (2000). Performance appraisal: an obstacle to training and development? Journal of European Industrial Training 24(7), 384-390.
Yilmaz. K., & Tasdan. M. (2009).Organizational citizenship and organizational justice in Turkish primary schools. Journal of educational administration, 47(1),108-126
Yong. T.C. ( 2000). High-performance human resource strategies in learning schools. The Learning Organization, 7(1), 32 – 39.