Fostering an Entrepreneurial Society: The Role of University Incubators
Keywords:
University incubator, Entrepreneurial society, Knowledge dissemination, University-industry linkages, Innovation, Commercialization, Entrepreneurship, Triple Helix, Institutional Development, Knowledge-Driven EconomyAbstract
This research delves into the dynamic transformation of universities within societal frameworks, tracing a trajectory that transcends conventional pedagogy to encompass a spectrum ranging from research and development to innovation, and presently, the promotion of an entrepreneurial ethos. Key concepts like human capital, knowledge dissemination, and research and development have driven economies toward knowledge-based paradigms characterized by creativity, innovation, and robust infrastructure. In this entrepreneurial milieu, universities have advanced their role, actively nurturing an entrepreneurial culture through the establishment of dedicated institutes and the cultivation of leadership. At the core of this evolutionary process lie university incubators, entities not merely facilitating collaboration but also contributing substantively to revenue generation. These incubators offer indispensable support, functioning as conduits that connect universities with businesses, government entities, and the broader community. The research posits that universities can augment their impact by establishing efficient and integrated incubation systems, thus making substantial contributions to the construction of a sustainable entrepreneurial society.
References
Abetti, P. A. (2004). Government-Supported Incubators in the Helsinki Region , Finland : Infrastructure, Results , and Best Practices. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, 19–40.
Abramo, G., Cicero, T., & D’Angelo, C. A. (2012). The dispersion of research performance within and between universities as a potential indicator of the competitive intensity in higher education systems. Journal of Informetrics, 6(2), 155–168. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2011.11.007
Acs, Z. J., & Plummer, L. A. (2005). Penetrating the ``knowledge filter’' in regional economies. The Annals of Regional Science, 39(3), 439–456.
Acs, Z., Audretsch, D., Braunerhjelm, P., & Carlsson, B. (2003). The Missing Link : The Knowledge Filter and Endogenous Growth. In DRUID Summer Conference on Creating, Sharing and Transferring Knowledge: The Role of Geography, Institutions and Organizations. Copenhagen. Retrieved from
Ahmed, F., Ali, Z., Khan, M. S., & Mullazai, M. (2023). A Syntactic Analysis of Compound Noun Phrase of Balochi within the perspective of X-bar Theory. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 289-304.
Amezcua, A. S. (2010). Entrepreneurial Orientation as a Function of Organizational Familiarity: University Spin-offs' Evolution. Technovation, 30(6-7), 318-334.
Audretsch, D. B. (2014). The Entrepreneurial Society: A Reform Strategy for Education. Small Business Economics, 42(2), 249-261.
Casu, B., & Thanassoulis, E. (2006). The Use of Performance Indicators in the University Sector: An Overview of the Issues. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 536-543.
Etzkowitz, H. (1983). Entrepreneurial Scientists and Entrepreneurial Universities in American Academic Science. Minerva, 21, 1–21.
Geuna, A., & Muscio, A. (2009). The Governance of University Knowledge Transfer: A Critical Review of the Literature. Minerva, 47(1), 93–114. doi:10.1007/s11024-009-9118-2
Grimaldi, R., & Grandi, A. (2005). Business incubators and new venture creation: an assessment of incubating models. Technovation, 25(2), 111–121. doi:10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00076-2
Grimaldi, R., Kenney, M., Siegel, D. S., & Wright, M. (2011). 30 years after Bayh–Dole: Reassessing academic entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40(8), 1045–1057.
Gstraunthaler, T. (2010). The business of business incubators: An institutional analysis – evidence from Lithuania. Baltic Journal of Management, 5(3), 397–421.
Gul, A., & Ahmad, A. (2012). Perspectives of Academia-Industrial Linkage in Pakistan: An Insight Story. Science, Technology and Development, 31(2), 175–182.
Gul, R., & Ahmad, N. (2012). Transition from Non-Profit to Profit Orientation: A Paradigm Shift in Higher Education. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(22), 232-238.
Hashmi, A., & Shah, A. (2013). Establishing National Science and Technology Park in Pakistan. World Technolopolis Review, 264–275. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7165/wtr2012.1.4.264
Jalil, A., & Idrees, M. (2013). Modeling the impact of education on the economic growth: Evidence from aggregated and disaggregated time series data of Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 31, 383–388.
Khan, M. S., Rahpoto, M. S., & Mangnejo, G. M. (2020). The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Corporal Well-Being: Apparent Impact Matters: Assessment of Contagion to Developing Economies. Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review, 1(3), 232-238.
Khan, M. S., Rahpoto, M. S., & Talpur, U. (2021). The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Corporal Wellbeing: Apparent Impact Matters. In Internet of Everything and Big Data (pp. 25-34). CRC Press.
Khoso, A. A. K., Pathan, M. S. K., & Ahmed, M. (2022). Exploring The Impacts and Aftershocks of Covid-19 on Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking in Pakistan. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(1), 179-192.
Khowaja, I. A., Talpur, U., Soomro, S. H., & Khan, M. S. (2021). The non-banking financial institutions in perspective of economic growth of Pakistan. Applied Economics Letters, 28(8), 701-706.
Kimenyi, M. S. (2011). Contribution of Higher Education to Economic Development: A Survey of International Evidence. Journal of African Economies, 20(3), 14–49. doi:10.1093/jae/ejr018
Kowang, T. O., Yee, T. M., Long, C. S., Rasli, A. B. M., & Bakar, F. A. A. (2013). Technology Management: Developing an Innovation Model for Research Universities in Malaysia. Advanced Materials Research, 845, 549–553. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.845.549
Lee, S. S., & Osteryoung, J. S. (2004). A Comparison of Critical Success Factors for Effective Operations of University Business Incubators in the United States and Korea. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(4), 418–426. doi:10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00120.x
Lee, S. S., & Osteryoung, J. S. (2004). A Comparison of Critical Success Factors for Effective Operations of University Business Incubators in the United States and Korea. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(4), 418–426. doi:10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00120.x
Lucas, R. E. (1988). On The Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(February), 3–42.
Lucas, R. E. (1988). On The Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(February), 3–42.
Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics: An introductory volume (8th ed.). London, U.K.: Macmillan and Co.
Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics: An introductory volume (8th ed.). London, U.K.: Macmillan and Co.
McAdam, M., & Marlow, S. (2011). Sense and sensibility: The role of business incubator client advisors in assisting high-technology entrepreneurs to make sense of investment readiness status. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(7-8), 449–468. doi:10.1080/08985620903406749
McAdam, M., & Marlow, S. (2011). Sense and sensibility: The role of business incubator client advisors in assisting high-technology entrepreneurs to make sense of investment readiness status. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(7-8), 449–468. doi:10.1080/08985620903406749.
Mercan, M., & Sezer, S. (2014). The Effect Of Education Expenditure on Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 925–930. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.565
Mian, S. A. (1996). The University Business Incubator: A Strategy for Developing New Research/Technology Based Firms. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 7(2), 191–208.
Mok, K. H. (2005). Fostering entrepreneurship: Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong. Research Policy, 34(4), 537–554. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.003
Muhammad, S. K. P. (2023). THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS: A STUDY OF THE IMPORTANCE OF POSITIVE CULTURE FOR RETAINING EMPLOYEES. Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS), 1(1), 85-94.
Mullazai, M., Ali, Z., Khan, M. S., & Ahmed, F. (2023). Agent and Theme Theta Roles in Balochi: A Morphosemantic Analysis. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 332-347.
National Business Incubation Association. (2014a). The History of Business Incubation. Retrieved September 06, 2014, from http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/history/index.php
National Business Incubation Association. (2014b). What is Business Incubation? Retrieved September 06, 2014, from http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/what_is/index.php
Pathan, M. S. K. (2022). The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Leadership Effectiveness. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1-7.
Pathan, M. S. K. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Commitment and Turnover Intentions. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(4), 34-43.
Pathan, M. S. K. (2023). Assessing the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between organizational culture and employee commitment. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 4(1), 1-11.
Pathan, M. S. K., Khoso, A. A., & Ahmed, M. (2022). Digital Model Anecdotes Through Artificial Intelligence in Socioeconomic and Islamic Investments. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(2), 195-209.
Phillips, R. G. (2002). Technology business incubators : how effective as technology transfer mechanisms ? Technology in Society, 24, 299–316.
Qian, H., & Acs, Z. J. (2013). An absorptive capacity theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 40(2), 185–197.
Rahat, S., & Pathan, M. S. K. (2021). Sustainable Climate Approach and in Context of Environment Economy: A Classical Analyze Matters. Neutron, 21(1), 40-45.
Raspe, O., & Oort, F. Van. (2006). Knowledge Economy and Urban Economic Growth. European Planning Studies, 14(9), 1209–1234.
