International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Journal Name: International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences ISSN (Print) : 2710-0316 ISSN (Electronic): 2710-0308 Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year) Nature: Print and Online Submission: Via OJS System Languages of Publication: English HEC Approved by "Y" Category
Risk Management Strategies in Financial Institutions During Economic Crises
This study examined the risk management strategies adopted by financial institutions during economic crises. The research focused on key risk types (credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, operational risk) and evaluated strategies such as capital buffers, asset diversification, liquidity management, and enhanced governance. A survey of 150 banking-sector risk managers and secondary data from 20 financial institutions (2018–2023) were analyzed. Results suggested that institutions that maintained higher capital adequacy ratios, diversified assets, conducted regular stress testing, and enforced strong internal risk governance fared better—maintaining solvency and liquidity—compared to those with weaker frameworks. The findings highlighted the importance of comprehensive risk management frameworks and proactive risk mitigation, especially during systemic economic downturns.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance in Organizational Settings
This study examined the impact of various leadership styles on employee performance in organizational settings. The research focused on transformational, transactional, democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles to evaluate their effects on employee task performance, job satisfaction, and productivity. A survey was conducted among 200 employees from multiple industries, and regression analysis was performed to assess these relationships. Results indicated that transformational leadership and democratic leadership styles were positively correlated with employee performance, while autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles showed weaker or negative correlations. This paper highlights the importance of leadership style in optimizing employee performance and offers practical recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance productivity and job satisfaction.
Developing a Digital Literacy Based Pedagogical Model for Improving Autonomous Learning among Pre‑Service Teachers
This research explores the formation of a Digital Literacy-Based Pedagogical Model (DL-PM) for self-regulated learning (SRL) among PSTs enrolled in Department of Education, University of Narowal. The notion of digital literacy as a required skill in 21st century teaching and learning is emerging, but pre-service teachers find it difficult to adapt their use of digital media to their own self-regulated learning. The objectives of this study are to identify the critical digital literacy competencies necessary to develop autonomous learners, model these competencies together in a pedagogical model, and investigate the effect those had on PSTs’, self-regulation and digital competence. A qualitative methodology was used with semi-structured interviews, reflective journals and participant observation. The sample for the study pre-service teachers was purposively selected to include participants with experience in digital learning environments. The participants were 30 (15 females and 15 males) pre-service teachers from different study levels, representing various perspectives. Researcher employed thematic analysis which enabled the identification of common themes and sub-themes in relation to digital literacy, independent learning and pedagogical incorporation. The results indicate that PSTs need to develop all of the cognitive, technical and socio-emotional digital literacy skills in order to achieve effective autonomous learning. The DL-PM, comprising curriculum integration, scaffolded instructional strategies, technology and resources support, and formative feedback mechanisms, promoted engaged learning, reflective practices and skill rehearsal. The model intervention positively improved PSTs’ agency, self-regulation and professional readiness, thus validating its transformative nature. This study informs of how designed digital literacy interventions may support independent self-regulated learners in teacher education. The results offer actionable insights for curriculum developers, teacher trainers, and policy makers in their effort to incorporate digital literacy and learner autonomy strategies into education, so as to help students become responsible and self-determined learners who are equipped to address the challenges of modern-day education.
Exploring the Influence of Brain Drain on Generation Alpha Students’ University Enrollment and Academic Development in Pakistan
This research examines the impact of brain drain on the university enrolment and academic career development of Generation Alpha students in Pakistan. Brain drain with outward migration of its professionals and talented young people has serious implications for the quality of higher education, institutional capacity, and talent build up in a nation. The aim of this paper is to realize how brain drain perceptions influence Generation Alpha scholars’ enrollment decisions towards Pakistani universities and their implications for academic development in the country. Qualitative research method was used for which a purposive sample of Generation Alpha Geer students were drawn from different urban and semi-urban areas in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews explored students’ perceptions about the educational experiences of domestic versus international study, financial implications, career opportunities and skilled professional emigration and the influence on their academic life. Thematic analysis techniques were used to determine recurring patterns of interest, governing themes and sub-themes. Generation Alpha learners are particularly interested in the scholarships granted by foreign universities, employment opportunities and research facilities. Declining push factors such as lack of funding, inadequate infrastructure and shortage of the local staff were said to be determining their decisions to enroll. Brain drain is having a negative impact on quality of academic guidance, research and motivation in Pakistani universities. Some recommended that scholarships, better infrastructure, career counseling and policy interventions would motivate students to study within the country and boost the nation’s academic growth. This study provides insights into the generational aspects on brain drain, particularly in regard to student perceptions and enrolment decisions and addresses its wider impact on the academic progress of Pakistan. The study offers recommendations for policy makers, universities and interested parties to formulate policies aimed at retaining talent, improving academic quality and the sustainable development of higher education.
Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment and Performance of Secondary School Teachers in District Jhang
Teacher job satisfaction has been widely recognized as a crucial factor influencing organizational commitment and performance in educational institutions. This study investigates the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment and teacher performance among secondary school teachers in District Jhang, Pakistan. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, and data was collected from 130 teachers using self-developed Likert-scale questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA were used to analyze the collected data. Findings revealed that professional qualifications and teaching experience significantly influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, gender and area (urban/rural) did not significantly affect teachers' performance. Results indicate strong positive associations among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and teachers’ performance. The study highlights the importance of school support, recognition, and professional development in enhancing teachers’ outcomes.
This article examines complex relations between mental health and work-life balance, emphasizing their important role in personal welfare and organizational stability. Drawing on the definitions of the World Health Organization and the established work-life balance principles, find out how contemporary work environment affects the environment-high demands, blurred boundaries, and rapid technical integration-psychological health described by technical integration. Discussion works light up mental health issues such as stress, burnout, anxiety and depression, and their harmful effects on productivity, engagement and retention, such as the increasing proliferation of the workplace. By analyzing both organizational and personal responsibilities, the article underlines the requirement of active strategies including Employees Assistance Program, Flexible Working Systems, Leadership Modeling, Border-Setting and Self-Equipment Practices. This argues that it is necessary to promote the supporting environment, increase flexibility, and promote balance to reduce mental health risks and enable permanent professional and personal development. The findings asks for ongoing research and practical interventions to address the complex mutual action between mental health and work-life balance, eventually advocating for healthy workplaces and communities.
Justice, Human Rights, and Social Stability in the Light of the Quran: An Islamic Approach to Peace and Equity
This paper examines the Quran principles of justice (adl) and human rights as the pillars of a peaceful and stable society. According to it, it claims that justice preservation, individual dignity safety, and the realization of the basic human needs are not just the moral ideals of Islam but the social requirements. Based on numerous verses of the Quran, such as the version stating that the oppressed have the right to speak against injustice. The study highlights the overall Islamic structure of provisions on equality, security and welfare of every member of the society. Another fact that the paper brings to light is that those societies that practice justice and discriminate away will automatically attain social peace irrespective of their religious identity. On the other hand, in a situation where oppression, exploitation and economic deprivation are the order of the day, peace cannot be achieved. To sum up the discussion the comparison between the present day Muslim society and that of the Western countries is highlighted that although the latter may not claim to be Muslim, they have adopted the Qur’anic rules of justice and social well-being albeit partially and this has helped them to be stable and thrive.
Non-Muslims Sources in The Study of Sirah (PBUH)
Since the Prophet's passing, the Sirah (PBUH) has served as the focal point and source of writing. Over the years, sirah approaches have changed in both Muslim and non-Muslim contexts. The way that the Prophet and even Islam are perceived by both Muslims and non-Muslims has been profoundly inspired by this. Non-Muslim writers have approached sirah quite differently, while Muslim scholars have concentrated on specifics of the biography, what and why a particular incident occurred in his life, his leadership, reverence of his teachings, and other aspects of his life as a role model and lessons that can be derived from his life to emulate in daily life. Some are extremely critical to the point of ridicule and slander, while others approach it in a more authentic and genuine manner. While some take a more sincere and honest approach, others are so critical as to belittle and defame others. The way sirah is approached is greatly influenced by the materials they have access to, namely Arabic ones. Similarly, how sirah is viewed has changed significantly throughout time, especially in the modern day, due to exchanges with Muslims, technological advancements, and globalisation. A chronological and methodical assessment and analysis of the principal sirah texts authored by Muslims and non-Muslims since the seventh century are presented in this article. The evolution of sirah literature in Muslim and non-Muslim academia is traced by highlighting the causes and underlying elements influencing different sirah approaches over the ages.
Women Education in Sindh: A Comparative Study on Factors Exploring Gender Inequality and Women Educational Challenges in Rural and Urban Sindh
The objective of this study is to investigate whether cultural, economic, and infrastructural barrier differences exist between education of women in urban and rural Sindh, Pakistan. Quantitative data were collected from 500 participants using the cross-sectional survey and over 50 participants who were interviewed for generating qualitative data. Findings reveal significant differences: mostly the urban respondents regarded women education as necessary for social and economic development aimed at better infrastructure, cultural tolerance and economic facilities. On the other end of the scale the rural respondents had a lower perception towards the priority given to women’s education due to cultural and social gender inequality, limited resources for education and dilapidated schools as well as poor infrastructure. The discussion reveals that cultural intermediaries, limited funds, and practical conditions affect the abilities of rural women to receive proper education. By comparing its results with regional and global research, the study insists on the need for such intervention measures as awareness campaigns, economic incentives, and infrastructural work that would be urgently needed in rural Sindh area. This study advances the literature on gender parity in education and offers policy directions for agents of change desiring to achieve contextualized and sustainable education transformation in Sindh province.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Psychological Consequences of Workplace Bullying on Governmental Employees in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan
Bullying at the workplace has been identified as a major problem, which affects both the psychological health of the people and organizational effectiveness. While the majority of the literature in this area is concentrated in private organizations, the present research assesses the effects of workplace bullying within governmental organizations in Pakistan. These organizations which are characterized by rigid hierarchies and bureaucratic structure might result in promoting bullying but few studies have explored this question. This paper aims to discuss the state and impact of workplace bullying on employee’s psychological health and wellbeing in Pakistan’s public sector organization which forms a significant portion of this country’s employees base. Based on the literature review, the paper analyses the negative psychological, emotional and physical outcomes of bullying such as stress, anxiety, depression and burnout. The findings suggest that there is a growing need to address this problem among governmental organizations to enhance the employees’ well-being and organizational output.
Personality Dimensions and Multiple Intelligences: Examining the Interconnection in Business Education
This paper aims to investigate the association between personality characteristics and multiple intelligences in relation to business students’ achievements and the consequent occupational opportunities. Following the Big Five personality traits personality theory that divides the traits into openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, the research seeks to compare the personality dimensions with several cognitive skills. The research also applies the theory of multiple intelligences that tries to examine the extent of intermediate intelligence with character features affecting the performance of students. Perceived benefits of this investigation include discovering information that might help to improve the current instructional models tailored towards preparing business students for their profession and academic success. The findings are assumed to expand the knowledge of educational psychology, as well as offer usable insights for learners and instructors within the university environment.
Copyright (c) 2021 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Enhancing User Privacy in the Metaverse: Exploring the Role of Blockchain, AI Technologies, and Regulatory Frameworks in Addressing Privacy and Security Risks
The advancing Metaverse presents major privacy and security concerns that require solutions to ensure the protection of the virtual environment for users. The study assesses the privacy threats to users, security instruments, technological progress, and legal components affecting Metaverse user privacy. Users remain ignorant about how much data Metaverse platforms acquire because the collection extends beyond personal details into behavioral patterns and biometric readings. Collecting user data and unapproved data transfers across multiple platforms generate significant privacy hazards. Security tools that use encryption and multi-factor authentication provide protection, but experts agree these measures fail to protect users from advanced vulnerabilities in virtual environments adequately. Implementing Blockchain alongside Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies could enhance privacy protection by enabling users to maintain decentralized data control alongside real-time privacy adaptation capabilities. Diverse obstacles continue to appear, including system expansion, ethical considerations, and seamless system integration. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), alongside other current laws, demonstrates inadequate privacy protection for Metaverse users, which requires the development of specialized and flexible regulatory frameworks. User empowerment involves the development of international data protection rules, continuous technological innovation, and educational programs to educate individuals about safeguarding their information. The evolving nature of the Metaverse requires all parties, from developers to policymakers, together with users, to unite their efforts for comprehensive privacy protection measures.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of AI-Driven Personalized Recommendations in Enhancing Guest Experiences in Jeddah's Restaurants
The restaurant industry achieves superior customer satisfaction, stronger engagement, and increased loyalty by implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven personalized recommendation systems. As part of this research, the team assessed AI-driven restaurant recommendation systems in Jeddah's venue industry to measure their effects on satisfaction, engagement, and customer loyalty. Three hundred customers from ten restaurants that operated AI recommendation systems for six months or longer among high-end and mid-range restaurants participated in this survey. Researchers used an online questionnaire to analyze the data by performing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. On the contrary, satisfaction exhibited a small to no relationship with customer engagement (r = 0.04) and a slightly antagonistic relationship with loyalty (r = –0.05). The study results indicated that the correlation between customer engagement and loyalty (r = -0.08) was a weak negative correlation. While the research proved that AI can enhance dining experiences, it was shown that it faces challenges in keeping customer loyalty in the long run. The study data contained essential information to help managers of restaurants and developers of AI systems improve their recommendation systems.
Applications of Internet of Things in Smart Cities: Bani Walid City as a Model
This research analyzed how people living in Bani Walid, Libya, recognize Internet of Things (IoT) technology, including its usefulness and application. The study aimed to identify how IoT technology can modernize urban framework elements, encompassing transportation, wellness solutions, waste disposal systems, and power-saving tools. The research employed a quantitative approach, gathering responses from 380 residents and 25 key stakeholders, including government officials, urban planners, and technology professionals, through structured surveys. Although respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of IoT and its advantages, they face multiple challenges, including high setup costs, difficulties in handling technology privacy threats, and readiness issues with existing systems. Individuals who have a better understanding of the Internet of Things tend to be more open to using such technologies. Due to these results, the research team advised raising public awareness while addressing technological challenges and budget issues associated with IoT deployments. Organizations that develop cities can utilize these findings to inform more informed decisions about incorporating IoT systems into their plans.
The Role of Scholarships and Financial Aids in Enhancing Access to International Education: Opportunities and Challenges
In this qualitative inquiry, we explore the experiences of students in terms of their access to international education as an influence of scholarships and financial aids, particularly among social sciences students at the University of Narowal. The study uses a qualitative research design to gain insights into the experiences of students who have received or not received scholarships for international education. The study was done at the University of Narowal, and 50 students were sampled using a purposive sampling technique. The participants in the sample included 25 students who have won scholarships to attend international schools and 25 students who applied or intended to apply but encountered obstacles in obtaining financing. We conducted a study involving students belonging to the social sciences departments, English, Urdu, Education, Mass Communication, and Fine Arts, in our institution where the students possess much caliber but have limited international scholarships. The participants comprised students studying or expecting to study in these departments. Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document review were used for data collection. In-depth exploration of students’ experiences and perceptions of scholarships and financial aids was made possible through semi-structured interviews. The focus group discussions in FS facilitated co-exchange of experience and peer light for award application. The primary data was triangulated with document reviews of official university documents, scholarship brochures, and application forms. Scholarships play a major role in improving access to international education, particularly for disadvantaged learners, and offering transformative opportunities for both academic success and personal development, the study concluded. Accessing these opportunities, however, is not easy barriers like awareness, application complexity, and resource limitedness identified. This study adds to the global conversation about education equity and universal access to scholarship funds, clarifying how well or poorly existing systems of financial support serve students in underdeveloped countries, such as Narowal, Pakistan. It urges the adoption of improved scholarship application processes such as increased awareness programs, application training, and travelling finance funds to help students overcome barriers and increase access to international higher education.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Exploring Post -Disaster Livelihoods Opportunities for Women: A case study of District Sujawal & Badin Province of Sindh, Pakistan
This research aims to explore the impact of disasters on women's livelihoods and to identify and assess the opportunities available to women in the aftermath of such events in the Badin and Sujawal districts of Sindh Province. The focus is on women living in these areas. A multistage sampling method was employed to select households for the study, which involved intentionally choosing ten households from each selected hamlet. Consequently, the study includes a sample of 160 households from Badin and 120 from Sujawal, totaling 280 households across both districts. The research variables focus on livelihoods, opportunities, and the role of women in post-disaster recovery in Badin and Sujawal. Quantitative methods are employed to analyze both primary and secondary data pertaining to female livelihoods, while qualitative analysis is conducted through data reduction, presentation, and verification. Research has shown that rural women in disaster-prone areas of Sindh face significant limitations in accessing loans and assets, which obstructs their ability to improve their livelihoods after disasters.
resilience vulnerability poverty and displacement
Developing and Using the Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35)
Academic honesty is the ethical foundation of academia, requiring students to uphold integrity in their academic practices. However, many students violate these principles, often due to a lack of understanding of academic dishonesty. Regardless of the reasons, maintaining academic integrity is essential, and any breach is unacceptable. However, there is limited research on undergraduate students' awareness of academic dishonesty in the context of Shaheed Benazirabad, and a comprehensive, validated instrument to measure this awareness was lacking. This study aimed to address this gap by developing and utilizing the Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35) to assess undergraduate students' awareness of academic dishonesty. Awareness was examined across seven sub-areas: Fabrication, Falsification, Academic Sabotage, Disruptive Conduct, Deception, Collusion, and Plagiarism. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a quantitative approach. The sample included 263 final-year undergraduates (SBBU: 228, SBBUVAS: 35), selected through proportionate stratified sampling. Data were collected via the self-developed Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35) and analyzed using SPSS to calculate percentages, frequencies, and applying t-tests. Findings revealed that ADAQ-35 is a valid and reliable instrument to measure awareness about Academic Dishonesty and overall awareness of respondents about academic dishonesty was 25.37%. Independent t-tests showed no significant differences in awareness based on university or gender. Based on these findings, researchers should use ADAQ-35 to measure awareness about Academic Dishonesty and universities should establish academic integrity centers to enhance students' understanding of academic honesty.
Academic Dishonesty Awareness Questionnaire (ADAQ-35) Awareness
Study the Perceptions of School Headmasters Regarding their Leadership Performance Assessment Policies in Sindh, Pakistan
Leadership is meant for a group of people working in executive positions and making decisions who have the vision to lead the followers and the institutions in the direction of achieving preset goals. The leadership in educational institutions/ schools is understood as the headmasters and their teams, where the headmaster is ever in the driving seat. They come and hold this position in different ways such as direct appointment, promotion on a seniority basis, and as in charge with an executive order. Their role is yet to be documented by the policymakers upon which their performance needs to be assessed. The obvious role that they play in their schools is mostly based on the indicators mentioned in the form or the template of the Annual Confidential Report (ACR), also known as the Personal Evaluation Report (PER), and they are supposed to be assessed upon those indicators. Another development was made in 2017 by the secretary of school education as notifying the job description of the headteachers, wherein similar to the ACR indicators, they were made bound to abide by the orders, but those indicators were not for their performance assessment purposes, and the ACR or the Per content remained the same. This study is intended to study the school headmasters’ leadership performance assessment policies in Sindh, Pakistan. This research study was carried out by developing two research objectives: a) to review the school headmasters' leadership performance assessment policies and procedures in Sindh, Pakistan, and b) to explore the perceptions of the school headmasters regarding their leadership performance assessment policies and procedures in Sindh, Pakistan. The population of the current research study was the headmasters of 193 secondary schools in the Shaheed Benazirabad Division. The sample of the study was 82 secondary school headmasters. For sampling, a simple random sampling technique was used. The data was collected on a self-designed five-point Likert scale questionnaire containing 32 statements. The questionnaire was found to be 99.5 percent reliable. The results showed that the headmasters seldom follow ACR attributes and lack school vision, mission, and core values to best run the school in a determined direction. They look instructionally moderate and follow the practices they are habitual with. This research study recommends that the training manuals for the headmasters of the schools should be aligned with the attributes and indicators of the ACRs and PERs. The training manuals should include material to ensure that the head teachers are well aware of the administrative and managerial practices in the schools. In the training manuals, the behavioral and trait leadership theories should be included, and the leadership styles be discussed to the head teachers, making them able to adopt working leadership style in different conditions and situations. The authorities make sure that the schools have their vision, mission statements, and core values meeting the needs of the hour and the community they are supposed to impart knowledge with better utilization of school resources. The schools should have school-specific academic calendars and should add some school-specific events to organize and sharpen the innovative ideas from the school students’ teachers and the community.
Investigates the impact of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching biology at the secondary level in Islamabad
Several aspects of the educational system, including teaching methods, evaluation techniques, and administrative procedures, are changing because of the application of artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, it actively contributes to the advancement of science education. The goal of this systematic review is to provide a fundamental understanding of the empirically supported relationship between science education and artificial intelligence. This study provides a comprehensive examination of how AI affects learning results for students, adoption scenarios, views of AI by students and teachers, and the difficulties associated with its application in science education. The study intends to investigate how AI-powered resources might improve biology students' performance, comprehension, and engagement. With an experimental group employing AI-assisted learning modules and a control group receiving conventional teaching, a quasi-experimental design was used. Questionnaires, student interviews, and pre- and post-tests were used to gather data. According to the research, integrating AI might greatly enhance student learning results, especially when it comes to conceptual knowledge and problem-solving abilities. For widespread adoption, however, issues like teacher preparation and technological availability must be resolved.
Disability Employment: Breaking Down Barriers and Promoting Inclusion
Employment of disabled persons stands as an essential aspect for developing effective and fair workplaces across the world. Through this paper we evaluate the obstacles disabled people face while seeking appropriate work alongside methods that foster workplace inclusion. Statutory policies alongside worldwide activism have failed to remove barriers which prevent most individuals with disabilities from experiencing discrimination and lack opportunities in work and developing necessary skills. These obstacles emerge as causes for lasting social inequality and produce considerable joblessness among this population.The paper demonstrates how the social/cultural barriers merge with organizational barriers which combine with physical/ technological barriers. Organisations must adopt disability-friendly changes because it benefits such personnel so they should develop a policy on diversity. This paper discusses various organizations that integrated diverse approaches which demonstrates how these implementations benefit employees along with business outcomes. The paper explores Technology and Innovation by showing why assistive technology along with universal design principles should be applied for workplace accessibility development. This paper examines how government regulations and incentives serve to address disabled business inclusiveness while analyzing such initiatives. To develop vision-orientated jobs for disabled people requires close cooperation between governments, business companies and NGOs. The findings will benefit employers and policymakers and members of society because they establish approaches to stop and reverse challenges to workplace diversity. People with disabilities represent important human rights foundations and they enable organizations to access the wealth of talent which leads to productive economic growth and marketplace differentiation.
Impact of positive leadership on work place flourishing of college faculty in Islamabad
The research examines how positive leadership behaviors affect workplace flourishing among college faculty while highlighting the essential element of developing workplace support and empowerment in educational institutions. Leadership quality fulfilled with optimism alongside ethical conduct along with emotional intelligence acts as an essential force which shapes faculty member well-being and work satisfaction alongside productivity levels. Positive organizational behavior and self-determination theory serve as theoretical bases for understanding how positive leadership practices guide faculty flourishing across emotional domains and work engagement and individual development. The study implemented a blend of quantitative survey methodologies with qualitative interviews to collect data from multiple college faculty of twin cities specializing in various fields. Research shows that workplace flourishing improves when leaders maintain positive leadership approaches because these approaches strengthen psychology safety in addition to building collaboration and growth opportunities for employees. Multiple aspects of leader behaviors which focus on achievement recognition along with open communication and feedback delivery have demonstrated significant links to faculty work wellness. Both personal and professional success of faculty members improves when intrinsic motivation serves as a mediator between supportive leadership practices and increased feelings of respect. Model colleges add educational institutions need to create priority development programs for positive leadership competencies because of this study's findings. The institutions improve faculty satisfaction and decrease burnout together with better organizational performance through this approach. Momentary leadership research points to positive leadership role as a primary factor for thriving workplace environments in academia while urging additional investigation into its sustained effects on institutional achievement.
Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Chemistry at Secondary Level in Islamabad Model Colleges
A research goal evaluated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) effectiveness as an instruction method against traditional teaching methods for secondary school chemistry in Islamabad. The research adopted the time span of one month while "post-test equivalent group design" performed statistical analysis at 0.05 significance levels. All male and female students studying chemistry at secondary level from six model colleges comprised the population of this research which were affiliated with the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE). The research utilized three model colleges equipped with computer laboratories and networking faculties that are members of FBISE at the SSC level. These colleges were randomly selected. One hundred two students represented the research sample after selecting equal groups of each gender who took chemistry in class 10th from model colleges. Two hundred and eleven students consisted of the total study participant sample. The student populations at all sample locations split into identical sizes through two distinct factions namely experimental group and control group. The research groups received equivalent placement through pair random selection of students who took the previous 9th class chemistry examination. The experimental division included thirty students of equal male and female composition in each group. The experimental group students received instruction through ICT but the control group students received instruction through traditional teaching approaches in chemistry subjects. The outcome measures how ICT affects secondary school chemistry education compared to traditional teaching methods through two different research objectives.
Explores the impact of AI-driven assessment and feedback on teaching learning process at secondary level
The assessment management system founded on AI technology provides educational feedback to secondary educational facilities. AI technology research in education expands steadily because teaching institutions rush to implement this technology to create new methods for instruction and better student outcomes. AI evaluation systems make assessment quality better because they function as human evaluators to give quick results and customized educational help for students. A combination of methods is used to evaluate secondary school AI-based assessment systems where both faculty adaptation and student involvement and academic performance receive analysis. The application of AI to produce feedback strengthens learning efficiency and enhances student motivation because teachers obtain specific gap evaluation results. The paper identifies student information confidentiality challenges alongside barriers to complete AI advantages because of technical dependency and personnel training requirements. The delivery of data-driven educational practices with personalized learning becomes feasible through AI assessment platforms but implementation requires suitable academic goals and moral frameworks according to research findings.
Sociological Study of Social Media and its Effects on the Education of Students
In present time world is a global village due to social media. Social media is like threads that connects the people and make a network between them. All over the world is now very famous and millions of people use it to communicate and share information, entertainment and emails. Social media is rapidly influencing especially on young generation and posing negative effects on the even present study was designed to explore the effect of social media on them. Social media play important or sharing information quickly. Highly significant associations were found are will be the use of social media; more will be the time spent, more will be the use of social media more will be leaning and more will be the use of social media, more will be the neglect of family members. This study explores and highlights the effects of social media.
An Integrated Framework for Studying Political Belief System, Tolerance and Participation in Pakistan
This paper introduces a new integrated framework to analyze the relationships between political belief systems, tolerance, and participation in Pakistan, grounded in Social Identity Theory (SIT), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and System Justification Theory (SJT). It proposes a comprehensive and context-specific tool tailored to Pakistan’s socio-political environment for quantitatively assessing these constructs. The framework incorporates key determinants such as religiosity, political knowledge, political interest, and partisan as well as ideological identification to provide insights into the interplay between belief systems and political behaviour like political tolerance and political participation. With the view to gauge the centrality of the political belief systems, the study used polarized views on various policy choices specific to Pakistani contexts. These issues were identified through a pre-pilot study (N-50) while a pilot study was conducted to test the data collection tool and determine its validity. While the framework lays the foundation for future empirical studies, it does not explore the deeper, formative processes of belief systems. This limitation underscores the need for qualitative research to complement the proposed framework. Future studies may integrate this tool with qualitative approaches to capture the depth and breadth of political behaviours and attitudes in a similar or diverse national and political contexts.
Local Government System in Dera Ghazi Khan During Colonial Period 1887-1947
This research article is a brief overview of the analytical study of local government system established in Dera Ghazi Khan during the colonial period India. The forces of East India Company crossed the Indus and moved to Afghanistan and Sindh but left Punjab under the control of Sikh authority. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the British forces defeated Sikh at Multan in 1849 and captured Punjab. While General Courtland and Edward captured Dera Ghazi Khan in the same time. The Colonial government brought political and administrative reforms through new administrative setup. In view of the idea of devolution of powers to the lower level, the colonial government decided to involve local people in administrative and political activities. The local political system came into existence under an Act and this local government system based on primary institutions like Village Council, Union Council, Town Committees, Municipal Committees, District Council and District Boards, which proved to be precursors of slow political evolution. This research paper examines to explore and highlights the establishment of local governments system in Dera Ghazi Khan during the colonial period which is the key subject of this study.
The Role of Students' Discipline on Students' Achievement at Secondary School Level
Researchers appreciate that discipline is an important component of human behavior and assert that without it an organization cannot function well towards the achievement of its goals. In the context of a school system, a disciplined student is that student whose behaviors, actions and inactions conform to the predetermined rules and regulations of the school. The study evaluated the status of the discipline in the schools particularly the issues such as disrespectful behavior, refusal to follow instructions, dishonesty, truancy, bullying, vandalism, fighting, substance abuse, inappropriate dressing, unauthorized use of electronic devices, and bringing weapons to school. The design of the study was quantitative and two research tools were developed by the researcher, one for the students and second for the teachers. After collection of data from 245 teachers and 385 students the same was analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive statistics consisted of frequencies, bar charts and means of the items, whereas the inferential statistics was employed through use of independent sample T test through SPSS software. Male students more likely to refuse to follow instructions or homework completion Male students are more likely to skip classes in comparison to female students. Male students are more likely to engage in substance abuse than female students. Male students are more likely to dress inappropriately for school. Male students are more likely to perceive bringing dangerous weapons to school as an issue. It was suggested that Conflict Resolution and Support: Provide training for teachers in conflict resolution techniques to help students manage disputes peacefully, reducing incidents of physical violence and bullying. Parental and Community Involvement: Engage parents and guardians in monitoring and supporting students' behavior and attendance, particularly in addressing issues related to substance abuse and weapon possession.
Investigating the Relationship Between Parents’ Education and Students’ Academic Achievement at the Secondary Level
The objective of the research was to explore the connection between parental levels of education and students' academic achievements in order to understand how parents' attainment of education relates to students' performance in different academic areas. The study was correlational and quantitative. The students of the 10th grade were randomly selected from Male Public Secondary Schools in Tehsil Muzaffargarh District Dera Ghazi Khan. The sample was 340 male Rural and Urban Public Secondary School students. The analysis of data from different demographic backgrounds showed that higher parental education often leads to improved academic performance due to better resource availability, higher expectations about education, and a home environment supportive of learning. The findings showed that higher levels of education attained by parents were a critical predictor of academic success. It is recommended that adult education programs be expanded so parents can develop skills to support their children and enable them to succeed academically. Engage parents through direct involvement in school-led workshops and family engagement activities.
Examining the Role of Parental Occupations in Shaping Students’ Academic Performance at the Secondary Level
This study investigates how parental occupations influence the academic performance of secondary school students. The study was correlational and quantitative. The students of the 10th grade were randomly selected from Male Public Secondary Schools in Tehsil Muzaffargarh District Dera Ghazi Khan. The sample was 340 male Rural and Urban Public Secondary School students. Fathers’ occupations were found to explain 11.9% of the variation in students’ achievement (β = .345), while mothers’ occupations accounted for 7.0% (β = .265). Fathers played a slightly more prominent role, often contributing through socio-economic stability, while mothers significantly shaped emotional and cultural support. The study also highlights how evolving work trends, like remote work and gig economies, are reshaping family dynamics and educational support. Recommendations include creating flexible parental engagement opportunities, fostering socio-cultural development for students, and implementing family-friendly policies to promote educational equity.
Development and Validation of Teachers Feedback Literacy (TFL) Scale
A focus on teachers feedback literacy is extremely decisive as student feedback literacy to a largely pivot on teacher feedback literacy (Carless & Winstone, 2020). If the teachers are feedback literate it is very difficult to for students to utilize feedback to utmost. If it is important than answering the question that how to measure TFL becomes of prime importance. The current study is an attempt to develop and validate a scale to spot light this budding concept to measure TFL in Pakistan paying attention to the call for research by Carless and Winstone (2020) on scale development to measure teacher feedback literacy. The TFL scale was developed by mapping of design, relational and pragmatic dimension and 19 competencies framework for TFL as stated by Carless and Winstone (2020) and Boud and Dawson (2021). The scale comprises of 42 items after incorporating suggested changes by experts and piloting the tool and reliability checks. The total TFL score is 168 as it is comprised of 42 items have 4 scores for each item. The number of items for all the three dimensions were as follows i.e. Design=16, Relational=13 and Pragmatic=13. The Cronbach’s Alpha =0.867 and CVI=0.87 were calculated which are in the acceptable range of tool to be used by researcher. The development of TFL scale is value addition to measure the level of TFL and TFL can enhanced through CPD.
Teachers’ Feedback Literacy Questionnaire (TFL-Ques)
Teachers’ Feedback Literacy Classroom-Observation Sheet (TFL-OS)
Prompt Based Performance Observation Sheet for TFL (Prompt Based Performance –OS for TFL)
Continuous Professional Development (CPD)