International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Journal Name: International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences ISSN (Print) : 2710-0316 ISSN (Electronic): 2710-0308 Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year) Nature: Print and Online Submission: Via OJS System Languages of Publication: English HEC Approved by "Y" Category Published by: Al-Khadim Foundation
Major Islamic Educational Institutions and their Contribution during Colonial Period in Indian Sub-Continent
This is an analytical study based on the historical method primarily deals with educational condition of the Indian Muslims after the end of their political authority in India with the failure of the war of Independence 1857.The anarchy during the latter Mughal dynasty in India proved a havoc for the Muslims of India and with the political downfall they also faced a cultural destruction regarding the socio-economic norms. Their cultural heritage and educational set up bitterly affected due to the policy of the government. The mistrust of Muslims against the colonial government marginalized the Muslims from education to illiteracy. After a serious unrest Muslim elites tried to reconsidered education as a compulsory component of their future and some renown personalities Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Molana Ahmad Raza Khan, Molana Qasim Nanotvi, Qazi Hamid-ul-Din, Barrister Tayib Gee, Hasan Ali Khan Afandi, Sahibzada Abdul Qayoom Khan, Molana Shibli, Abdul Hameed Dasti and Muhammad Ali Johar accepted the challenge of Muslim’s education and established educational institutions for social uplift of the Muslims. Among the most famous educational institutions MAO College, Dar-ul-Aloom Deoband, Jadwa-ul-Aloom, Sindh Madarsat-ul-Islam, Islamia College Delhi, Anjman-e-Islamias, Islamia College Peshawar, Anjman-e-Islamia Muzaffargarh, Anjman and Educational Conference Dera Ghazi Khan played a remarkable role in the promotion of Muslim’s education. The Paper highlights and explores the contribution of these educational contribution which might considered marvelous in Indian History.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
A Modern Systematic Review of The Strategic Hrm Through The Prism of Reimagining Ethical Leadership and Employee Performance
In times of complexity, digital transformation, and increased stakeholder demands, ethical leadership has become an imperative force behind the achievement of sustainable performance in organizations. The work re-examines the connection between ethical leadership and employee performance based on the latest systematic literature review (SLR) encompassing the aspects of Human Resource Management (HRM) paradigms. This study was a systematic review in which the PRISMA framework was used to conduct a review of the evidence held by the most prominent global databases, with the aim of reviewing how ethical leadership influences the outcome of employees working in various industries. The results suggest that ethical leadership has a uniformly positive effect on employee performance, which is mainly mediated by employee engagement, psychological safety, trust, and organizational citizenship behavior. This paper, in contrast to the previous non-dynamic interpretations, makes ethical leadership a dynamic and situational capacity that can keep up with digital workplaces and globalized organizational cultures. The contribution it makes is that it redefines ethical leadership in contemporary HRM systems and recommends longitudinal, cross-cultural, and technology-integrated research in order to more accurately reflect the long-term and contextual implications of the same.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Ethical Leadership, Business Ethics, and Employee Performance Dynamics in Pakistan’s Auto Industry: An Integrated Empirical and Systematic Review Approach
The proposed study will seek to establish an analytically rigorous and comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between ethical leadership, business ethics, and employee performance in the context of organizational environments with specific reference to the auto industry in Pakistan. To realize this goal, the research will be based on a two-fold approach to the methodology with a systematic review of the existing literature and an empirical orientation to place findings into the context of the developing economy. Globalization of the business world and the growing activities of multinational corporations in particular have brought about a complex organizational environment where leadership practices have to negotiate through different cultural, ethical, and institutional aspects. This changing environment requires an in-depth analysis of leadership practices that would not only propel performance but also ethical conduct.
The Effect of Ethical HR Practices on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Nigeria: A Case Study
Nigeria's workplaces grapple with ethical HR erosion, opaque contracts, biased promotions, and undue pressure, fueling a 28% productivity-commitment gap (NBS, 2020). While unethical practices stifle performance, this study flips the script: Ethical HR pillars (fair contracts, equitable promotions, safe conditions, counseling, trust, training, equality, and no pressure) propel job satisfaction, mediating superior employee outcomes. We test this moderated mediation model (Organizational Culture, Leadership Ethics, Teamwork as moderators) via a robust mixed-methods design: 350 surveys and 50 AI-analyzed interviews across Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt, plus secondary data synthesis. Findings reveal that ethical HR boosts satisfaction by 42% and performance by 35%, with the strongest effects under ethical leadership. Comparative Nigeria-Ghana analysis uncovers cultural amplifiers. HR leaders: Ethical reforms promise 25% ROI—time to act.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Assessing the English Language Teaching Practices Applied by Teachers at Secondary Level
As a global language, English has been established significant status in Pakistani society. Since the beginning of primary school, it has been a compulsory subject in almost every Pakistani school because of its role as a second language. Effective teaching learning of English mostly depends upon the teaching practices related to instructional guidance, learning, assessment and feedback, enhancement of vocabulary and classroom interaction. This research study discusses the current English subject teaching practices at secondary level. The research objective for this research study was to explore the current English teaching practices applied by the teachers at secondary level. Population of the study was all 134 Teachers working at Public Sector Secondary schools in seven Talukas of District Tharparkar. The sample size of the study was comprised of (n=20) school and (n=100) Teachers via stratified random sampling. A self-developed Likert Scale 5.0 questionnaire and observation tool were administered through survey method to collect the data from respondents. Validity of the research questionnaire and observation tool was determined through expert opinion and pilot study was carried out in order to check the reliability of tools after developing. The observations were conducted in 9th and 10th-grade classes across 20 schools with a total of (n=360) students in seven talukas of district Tharparkar. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics including frequency, mean, and Standard Deviation. Inferential statistical techniques were also employed by exploratory factor analysis method. The analysis revealed four key factors through factor analysis which named as instructional guidance, learning engagement, assessment and feedback, and classroom interaction. In terms of instructional guidance, teachers were proficient in guiding students during lesson reading (Mean = 1.75, SD = 0.776) and addressing weak points (Mean = 2.15, SD = 0.802). However, there was space for improvement in using audio-visual aids (Mean = 1.90, SD = 0.269). For learning engagement, lesson planning (Mean = 1.83, SD = 0.317), engaging students in daily reading activities (Mean = 1.61, SD = 0.778), and paragraph writing guidance (Mean = 1.77, SD = 0.725) needed optimization. Practices such as clearing grammatical concepts during reading (Mean = 1.33, SD = 0.485) and conducting question-answer exercises (Mean = 3.01, SD = 0.954) indicated moderate engagement but had room for improvement. Assessment and feedback practices were generally satisfactory, with teachers engaging in necessary practices like group activities (Mean = 2.06, SD = 0.938) and providing feedback (Mean = 1.95, SD = 0.876). Classroom interaction showed a moderate level, with a need for more inclusive interactions and better support for weaker students. While teachers encouraged conversation practice (Mean = 3.26, SD = 0.0.816), teacher-student interaction (Mean = 2.71, SD = 0.942) and engaging weak students during reading activities (Mean = 2.63, SD = 0.877) highlighted significant areas for improvement. The results of the first hypothesis indicate a statistically significant and positive association among all the indicators of teaching practices. Therefore, the five indicators used to assess teaching practices show a strong correlation. The result of second hypothesis (F (3, 76) = 3.140, p = 0.030) suggested that the teacher's teaching practices are well-regarded and have a significant impact on secondary schools’ students. More the effective teaching practices the more students learning activities will be effective on English subject. In conclusion, this study assessed English teaching practices in secondary schools. It found strengths in instructional guidance and assessment practices. However, there's room for improvement in learning engagement and classroom interaction. Balancing teaching approaches can create a better educational experience for all students.
Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Enhancing Automation, Performance, and Employee Retention
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming modern organizational practices, particularly within the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). By integrating intelligent technologies, organizations are able to automate repetitive administrative tasks, enhance data-driven decision making, and improve overall workforce management. This study examines the role of AI technologies in optimizing HR functions with a particular focus on automation, employee performance enhancement, and retention strategies. The paper reviews recent advancements in AI applications in HRM, including predictive analytics, natural language processing, machine learning algorithms, and AI-driven conversational agents used for recruitment, talent management, and employee development. These technologies enable organizations to analyze workforce data more efficiently, identify employee engagement patterns, and predict turnover risks, thereby facilitating proactive retention strategies. In addition to highlighting technological advancements, the study also addresses the key challenges associated with AI implementation in HRM, such as algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, transparency, and the need for explainable decision-making systems. Several practical examples and case studies of AI-enabled HR initiatives are discussed to illustrate how organizations have successfully improved employee engagement, operational efficiency, and retention outcomes. The findings indicate that AI-driven HR systems can significantly enhance organizational performance and employee satisfaction when implemented responsibly. However, the successful adoption of AI in HRM requires careful strategic planning, ethical governance, and continuous monitoring to ensure fairness, transparency, and trust within the workplace.
Muhammad Naseer Altaf Muhammad Naseer Altaf
Muhammad Tauqir Altaf Muhammad Tauqir Altaf
Copyright (c) 2026 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
The Role of Accreditation Frameworks in Improving Academic Standards of Business Schools in Pakistan: A Case Study Approach
The rapid expansion of business education across the globe has significantly transformed the way academic programs are designed and delivered. With the growing presence of cross-border academic collaborations and international degree offerings, there is an increasing demand for well-defined academic standards and reliable quality assurance mechanisms. In this evolving landscape, accreditation frameworks have emerged as essential tools for ensuring consistency, transparency, and academic excellence in business education. In many developed regions, particularly in Western countries, accreditation systems have long played a central role in maintaining and enhancing the quality of business schools. These systems have matured over decades, providing structured benchmarks for curriculum design, faculty qualifications, research output, and institutional governance. In contrast, developing countries, including Pakistan, have only recently begun to formalize and institutionalize such mechanisms within their higher education systems. Recognizing the importance of quality assurance in business and entrepreneurship education, the Higher Education Commission initiated reforms to strengthen accreditation practices across the country. A key milestone in this regard was the establishment of the National Business Education Accreditation Council in 2006. This body was tasked with developing standardized criteria and evaluation procedures to improve the overall quality of business education in Pakistan. Since then, many business schools have started aligning their academic practices with NBEAC guidelines in an effort to enhance institutional performance and academic credibility. Despite these developments, the accreditation landscape in Pakistan is still evolving. Only a limited number of institutions have pursued international accreditation, such as that offered by the European Quality Improvement System, which is widely recognized for its rigorous global standards. This gap raises important questions regarding the compatibility and effectiveness of local accreditation frameworks in meeting international benchmarks. Against this background, the present study adopts a case study approach to examine the role of accreditation frameworks in improving academic standards within Pakistani business schools. Specifically, it explores the extent to which national accreditation criteria align with internationally recognized standards and evaluates their potential to facilitate academic quality, institutional development, and global integration. A thematic analysis of accreditation frameworks and institutional practices is employed to provide deeper insights into how these mechanisms influence teaching quality, curriculum development, and overall academic performance.
Quality Enhancement in Business Education through Accreditation Policies: An Empirical Study of Public and Private Universities in Sindh, Pakistan
Accreditation and internal quality enhancement mechanisms have become central to improving the standards of higher education, particularly in business education. This study explores how accreditation frameworks, in conjunction with Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs), contribute to improving program quality and graduate attributes in higher education institutions. Employing a qualitative research design, the study draws insights from key stakeholders, including representatives from accreditation bodies and QEC directors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed thematically using qualitative analysis software. The findings indicate that although accreditation councils and QECs are established to ensure quality assurance, their effectiveness remains constrained by several institutional and systemic challenges. These include limited influence on curriculum development, insufficient alignment with industry requirements, gaps in faculty development, and external interferences affecting institutional autonomy. The study highlights the need for stronger integration between accreditation policies and QEC practices to enhance program quality and graduate competencies in business education. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers, accreditation bodies, and university administrators in strengthening quality assurance systems in Pakistan.
Efficient Breast Segmentation and Pectoral Muscle Removal Technique in Wavelet Domain for Computer-Aided Diagnosis
Accurate extraction of the breast boundary and reliable removal of the pectoral muscle are essential preprocessing steps for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer using mammographic images. In this work, a wavelet-domain framework is proposed to effectively segment the breast region and identify the pectoral muscle in mediolateral oblique (MLO) mammograms. The breast region is first delineated using multilevel wavelet decomposition, which enhances structural features while suppressing background noise and imaging artifacts. Subsequently, morphological operations are employed to refine the segmented region and to detect and eliminate the pectoral muscle. The proposed method was evaluated using 322 digital mammograms from the MIAS database, demonstrating high accuracy and robust performance for breast region extraction and pectoral muscle removal.
Muhammad Talah Zubair Muhammad Talah Zubair
Copyright (c) 2025 International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences
A Scaffold-Aware Machine Learning Docking Pipeline for TYK2 Inhibitor Discovery with Calibrated Prioritization of 32 Active Compounds Including Deucravacitinib
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) represents a proven target in the immunology field, with the FDA-approved TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib being a prime example. Nonetheless, the identification of new modulators for TYK2 has proven difficult owing to noisy protein-target activity data, presence of a bias in a molecule’s core chemical structure, also known as a scaffold, and the high cost of screen-and-lead experiments in the laboratory. In the current study, we introduced a machine learning strategy focused on scaffolds, incorporating a rigorous data curation process, generation of molecule fingerprint embedders, and the application of calibrated classification algorithms followed by the implementation of physical molecule docking experiments. The curated TYK2 protein-target activity data (pIC50) were converted into ECFP4, MACCS, and a series of physicochemical features, and the resulting collection of features was reduced via variance and correlation pruning. The performance of the classification tasks was evaluated using the Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and XGBoost algorithms using a two-step process involving a scaffold-split validation strategy, so the model can, in a probable and reliable manner, generalize in the chemical space. The XGBoost model, among the tested machine learning algorithms, showed the best possible results, having achieved an accuracy of 87.5%, an F1-score of 91.3%, and an area under the curve of 95.1% in the task of protein-target classification of the TYK2 kinase. The optimized model was applied to a screening library comprised of more than 10,000 different chemical structures, and the top 32 active structures were filtered out using a probability threshold of 95%, and the structures indeed displayed stable docking geometries in subsequent docking experiments using the Surflex-TBS docking tool. Importantly, the model was also able to predict the known TYK2 inhibitors deucravacitinib, predicting it and ranking it among the active chemical structures, thus validating the proposed machine learning model in the presence of unseen protein-target patterns in the chemical space.
The Mediating Role of Brand Loyalty between the nexus of Brand Image on Purchase Intention: McDonald’s Case Study: Post Israel-Palestine Conflict
This study is intended to investigate the relationship between brand image and purchase intention through the mediation effect of brand loyalty. Due to the current Palestine-Israel war, the purchase intentions of many brands are affected. Mcdonald's is also one of those businesses whose purchase intention has been affected by war. Thus, this study is intended to examine customers' purchase intention towards McDonald's. The study uses a quantitative approach using self-administered questionnaires to collect primary data. Data was collected from the SBK Women’s University students. Non-probability convenience sampling is used with a sample size of 260 students.
Economic Consequences of Climate Risk: Evidence from High-Risk Asian Economies
The present study investigates the economic consequences of climate risk by analyzing how exposure to high climate vulnerability influences macroeconomic performance in Asian economies. By incorporating climate change shocks into a neo-classical growth framework, this study develops a climate–economy growth model and employs the Pooled Mean Group–Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG–ARDL) estimation technique over the period 1971–2024 for high-risk Asian economies. The empirical analysis examines both aggregate and sectoral impacts of rising temperatures and climate variability on GDP growth, with special focus on manufacturing, logistics, and services sectors. The results reveal that high exposure to climate risk significantly reduces economic growth, with temperature-induced productivity losses observed to be larger in economies characterized by limited adaptation capacity and high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors. Specifically, a 1°C increase in population-weighted mean surface temperature leads to an estimated 5.2% decline in GDP growth with 2.6% deceleration in high-risk economies, exceeding regional averages by 1.4 percentage points. Further, sectoral analysis indicates that manufacturing, logistics, and services experience the highest reductions in output growth, amplifying regional disparities and income inequality. Projections based on IPCC’s Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) suggest that under the high-emission scenario (SSP8.5), potential GDP losses could reach up to 63% of current levels by 2100 if no substantial mitigation or adaptation measures are implemented. Conversely, limiting temperature rise to SSP4.5 and SSP2.6 could optimize these losses to below 1% by the end of the century. The study concludes that urgent regional cooperation and targeted adaptive policies are required to strengthen economic resilience, reduce vulnerability, and sustain long-term growth trajectories in high-risk Asian economies.
Muhammad Saeed Hashmi Muhammad Saeed Hashmi
Money from Abroad, Growth at Home: The Role of Remittances in Pakistan’s Economy
The impact of international remittances on Pakistan’s economic growth and income over the years 2000 to 2023 is explored in this study. Foreign exchange is mostly driven in Pakistan by remittances, after the amount of foreign direct investment. Using information from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and performing regression analysis in EViews, this analysis finds that remittances are related to higher GDP growth and GNI, with statistical significance. Although the remittance variable has a positive coefficient in the GDP growth model, the model faces problems with a low R-squared value and possible autocorrelation. Meanwhile, the GNI model shows good performance, as remittances explain 78.86% of how GNI changes. The evidence indicates that remittances greatly support Pakistan’s national income and economic development and to solve problems and omitted variable biases, more studies are necessary. The research ends by suggesting policies that could help remittances support financial security, economy stability and sustainable development.
Ghulam Mujaddid Rabbani Ghulam Mujaddid Rabbani
Feudalism and Pakistan: Impact on Primary Education
This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of historical and contemporary feudal systems, contrasting the classic models of European and Japanese Feudalism (characterized by contractual fealty and military hierarchy, respectively) with the pervasive, exploitative structure of Pakistani Quasi-Feudalism. Defined by the monopoly of land and political influence held by a small percentage of dominant families, Pakistani feudalism sustains a complex hierarchy built on generational debt, dependence, and the subjugation of the peasantry, and crucially, this entrenched socio-economic and political fabric creates profound and systemic educational gaps. By synthesizing the legal challenges, cultural sustaining factors, and direct consequences on the peasantry, this work aims to highlight the urgent need for socio-economic reforms, with the concluding sections proposing actionable strategies for removing these systemic barriers and presenting a clear call to action to address educational inequality rooted in feudal practices.
Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance: Evaluating the Impact of Decision-Making, Innovation, and Change Management in Modern Enterprises
Objectives of this paper are the application of concepts and principles covered in the topics relating to strategic management in order to develop a conceptual framework and creating relationships among concepts discussed in this regard. Based on an intensive literature synthesis carried out in the field of strategic management and decision-making, the article proposes a conceptual framework that explores the impact of strategic thinking-enabling factors on organizational performance, controlling for the moderating effect of decision-making styles. The factors of strategic thinking that the proposed framework recognizes as enabling factors are systems perspective, focused intent, intelligent opportunism, thinking in time, and hypothesis-driven analysis. Moreover, the proposed framework conceives of the role of the decision-making styles, namely the intuitive style and the rational style, as pivotal in facilitating these associations. With this conceptual piece, it means that at this juncture, there has been no verification process undertaken for this model. However, it has the highest level of validity and theoretical soundness in so far as its applications in deriving meaningful insights in order to advance strategic thinking and decision alignment are concerned.
The Effects of Leasing Finance to Create Income and Employment Opportunities by Advancement of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: An Analysis
In advanced and developing economies leasing finance is recognized as an alternative medium and long-term financing source for large to micro, small, and medium businesses, the agriculture sector, empowering women, setting up new business ventures, balancing, modernizing, and replacement activities. The analysis is carried out to find out the economic impact of leasing finance activity in the country from the angle of supply provider (i.e., the financial health of leasing Companies) and demand side (i.e., effects of leasing financing on SMEs). The regression method was adopted to analyze the relationship between input and output factors of the progress of the leasing business over the period 2010 to 2018, and 300 small and medium enterprises. Simultaneously, when it was examined through the significant financial ratio to ascertain the potential of leasing finance it was found that it can be utilized furthermore. The empirical result (P= 0.110) and borrowing and financial charges have a negative correlation with the profitability of the firms which indicates a decline in business activities. Thus, it doesn't stretch out a compelling advantage to the investors to grow business exercises. The test result P=<0.01 of the SMEs shows growth in business performance is due to the involvement of leasing finance activity on the other hand.
Evaluating Pesticide Resistance in Red Flour Beetle Populations: Significance for Food Security
The Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum H.) is a cosmopolitan pest of stored grains and cereals. This pest develops rapidly under favorable conditions in storage facilities such as warehouses, mills, and flour depots, affecting the quality of flour, causing significant economic loss, and threatening food security. The purpose of this study is to assess the resistance and efficacy of red flour beetle. The present study will play a very crucial role in the principle of integrated pest management (IPM), which enhances food security. Botanical pesticides Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica), AK or Milkweed (Calotropis gigantean) powder, Lemon Tree (Citrus limetta), and Babur/Kikar (Acacia nilotica) were evaluated. Neem recorded the highest mortality rate (20%), followed by (12%), lemon (11%), and the lowest Babur (9). The differences between the group means are statistically significant. P-value (0.00177) showed a low p-value (<0.05). A higher F-value suggests greater disparity between group means. F-value. Since 9.421769 > 3.490295, the differences between the groups are significant. The mortality rate is directly proportional to the increased dose. The neem appears to be the most effective, with the highest mortality rate of 20% at 20 g. Babur, on the other hand, has the lowest mortality rate, starting at just 2% at 5 g.
Hazrat Umar ibn Al‑Khattab (RA): His Life, Leadership, and Legacy
Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA), the second Caliph of Islam, is widely regarded as one of the most influential statesmen and reformers in world history. His decade-long rule laid the foundational structure of Islamic governance, transforming a growing community into a powerful and organized empire. This expanded abstract provides a comprehensive overview of his political, social, military, economic, and administrative contributions, emphasizing his unparalleled legacy in leadership. Hazrat Umar's (RA) governance style was rooted in justice, accountability, and welfare. He institutionalized systems that ensured fairness for all—Muslims and non-Muslims alike—reflecting his firm belief that leadership was a trust from Allah. His reforms included the establishment of judicial courts, appointment of qualified judges, creation of police departments, organization of military registers, land surveys, and systematic revenue collection. These systems later became models for both Islamic and non-Islamic civilizations. Under his leadership, the Islamic empire expanded rapidly into Persia, Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and parts of the Byzantine Empire. These conquests were not merely military victories but strategic moves that introduced administrative discipline, infrastructural development, and social welfare to newly governed regions. Umar (RA) emphasized that conquered territories must be treated with fairness, ensuring protection of life, property, and religious freedom. Economically, his policies laid the foundation of one of the earliest welfare states in history. Initiatives such as the Bayt-ul-Maal (public treasury), stipends for the needy, pensions for the elderly, and allowances for widows and orphans showcased his commitment to social justice. He introduced systems of taxation, trade regulation, agricultural reforms, and market monitoring to ensure economic stability and transparency. His strong moral character, humility, simplicity, and fear of Allah made him a model of righteous leadership. Despite ruling a vast empire, he lived as a servant of the people—traveling at night to inspect public needs, carrying sacks of grain for the poor, and holding himself accountable to the highest moral standards. This detailed abstract summarizes the pivotal themes explored in this assignment, highlighting Hazrat Umar’s (RA) extraordinary contributions to leadership, justice, governance, and expansion of the Islamic empire. His legacy continues to shape modern discussions on ethical governance, public welfare, and leadership excellence.
Dual Effect of Task Significance on Innovative Work Behavior through Cognitive Appraisal and Work Engagement: Moderating Role of PsyCap
Purpose: The study aims to examine the dual effects of task significance on innovative work behavior through cognitive appraisal and work engagement, while considering PsyCap's moderating function. Design/methodology/approach: Current study is quantitative and for this structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from nurses employed at tertiary hospitals of twin cities of Pakistan. Findings: The results of the study support the idea that task significance is a special kind of stressor that can have both positive and negative effects. Employee engagement and innovative work behavior are boosted by challenge appraisal of task significance, whereas they are hindered by threat appraisal. Therefore, nursing management must create measures (such as training for developing PsyCap) to impact nurses' perceptions of task significance as challenges rather than threats to promote nurses' innovative work behavior. Originality: The current study is original and has not been conducted and submitted earlier to any other journal.
Structural and NLO Properties of Novel Organic 4-Bromo-4-Nitrostilbene Crystal: Experimental and DFT Study
A new organic nonlinear optical single crystal of 4-Bromo-4-Nitrostilbene (BONS) was synthesized and high quality single crystals of size 8 × 6 × 3 mm³ grown from the solvent ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) by the slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study confirmed the orthorhombic character of BONS with the space group P2₁2₁2₁, a prerequisite for second harmonic generation. Powder X-ray diffraction study further confirmed the grown crystal's crystallinity and purity. Functional group and bond characterization was done by the FTIR study while the ¹H NMR study confirmed the proton surroundings of the grown molecule. Optical transmittance study by the use of the UV-Vis spectrum showed the threshold wavelength of 405 nm and the band gap of 2.90 eV. Vickers micro-hardness test was used to determine the mechanical stability of the grown crystal while the laser damage threshold of the grown crystal was analyzed by the use of the Nd: YAG laser. The result showed a strong green emission of 515.44 nm. The nonlinear optical efficiency of the grown molecule was analyzed by the use of the Kurtz and Perry method and showed a high efficiency of about 69 times more than the KDP crystal. Density functional theory study was done to confirm the electronic and molecular geometry of the grown molecule's nonlinear optical properties. The result indicated a high charge transfer character of the molecule, hence the high nonlinear optical efficiency. The study indicated a high reliability of the DFT study and hence the molecule can very likely be used for nonlinear optical and optoeletronic applications.
Water Stress, Climate Variability, and Economic Performance: Evidence from Asian Economies
In this research, the multifaceted relationship between water stress, climate variability, and economic performance in Asian economies has been analyzed, revealing that water constraints have the power to significantly increase the macroeconomic impacts of climate change. The study, which is based on panel data of 45 countries from 1971 to 2024 and utilizing the Pooled Mean Group–Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model, examines the interaction between temperature, rainfall variability, water resources, and economic growth both in the short run and in the long run. The outcomes of the study show that the combination of limited water supply and erratic rain patterns results in a noticeable decline in output growth, which is most pronounced in agriculture-dependent and lower-middle-income areas. The researchers have observed a direct link between a one-degree Celsius rise in average temperature and the GDP loss amounting to several billions of dollars, with the intensity of the damage depending on the respective climate risk and water-stressed regions. Moreover, the impact of water scarcity on climate variability cast a shadow by the weakening of crop yields, disruption of industrial output, and limiting of adaptive capacity thus the results emphasize the fact that water stress is a key channel through which climate change affects the economy in Asia. The authors say that in the absence of regional cooperation in adapting to the changing conditions and sustainable water management, the problems of water scarcity and climate change together will continue to make the economy and different regions more vulnerable and polarize the differences in growth between them.
Cultural Fabric Under Fire: Conflict, Clothing, and Identity in Swat
The 2007–2009 Swat Valley military conflict did more than disrupt administration and infrastructure. It shook the underpinnings of the cultural life as well. One of the lesser explored impacts is that on traditional fashion. This research discusses how Swat's fashion traditions transformed during and following the conflict, from vibrant cultural expressions to necessities driven by scarcity of resources, displacement, and fear. Aside from a decline in the use of traditional fabrics, findings of a data analysis of 200 respondents using SPSS indicate that communities are silently resilient in their attempts to preserve their cultural fabric.
Quantifying The Impact of Cultural Dimensions on Investment Decisions: Evidence with External Riskmoderation
International financial management has become increasingly complex in an era of globalization, where investment decisions are shaped not only by economic fundamentals but also by deep-rooted cultural dimensions and external risk factors. This study investigates the influence of cultural dimensions on investment decision-making and examines the moderating role of external risks within an international finance context. Grounded in cultural theory and behavioral finance, the research acknowledges that investor behavior, risk perception, capital structure preferences, and strategic financial choices vary significantly across cultural settings. Using an empirical and analytical framework, the study explores how cultural attributes such as uncertainty avoidance, risk tolerance, and long-term orientation shape investment decisions, while external risks include currency volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and macroeconomic instability, moderate this relationship. The research addresses a critical gap in existing literature by integrating cultural and risk-based perspectives into a unified investment decision-making framework. The findings are expected to provide evidence that cultural dimensions exert a significant influence on investment behavior, and that external risks either amplify or weaken this influence depending on market conditions. By highlighting the interaction between culture and uncontrollable external risks, the study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of international investment dynamics. The significance of this research lies in its practical and theoretical implications. For practitioners, it offers insights to design culturally sensitive and risk-aware investment strategies. For policymakers and academics, it provides a structured framework that enhances the understanding of cross-border investment behavior in volatile global markets. Overall, the study underscores the necessity of incorporating cultural intelligence alongside quantitative financial analysis to achieve informed and sustainable investment decisions in the global financial environment.
The Era of Digitalization of Islamic Banking: The Case Study of New World Order
The integration of digital technologies into the Islamic financial system has transformed both macroeconomic and microeconomic activities. In the contemporary world, digitalization is a driving force that shapes economic processes across industries. Often referred to as information and communication technology (ICT), digitalization enhances the accessibility, speed, and dissemination of critical financial information, which in turn supports economic growth. By leveraging advanced ICT tools, Islamic banks are able to streamline their operations, improve transparency, and offer more efficient services to customers. Mobile applications and digital platforms provide users with convenient, intuitive, and secure access to banking services, reflecting the increasing penetration of digital tools in everyday life. The collaboration between Islamic banking institutions and technology providers is fostering innovative information systems that simplify transactions, reduce operational costs, and promote financial inclusion. As a result, the rise of a digital economy is not only reshaping banking practices but also contributing to the broader development of economic, educational, and service sectors. Digitalization, therefore, serves as a pivotal mechanism for enhancing efficiency, customer experience, and overall economic performance in the Islamic financial sector.
Numerical Study of Barrier Height of Schottky Diode at High Temperature
A numerical perspective through MATLAB is implemented in this research to discuss the high temperature effect on the electrical parameters of Schottky diode. Temperature dependent height of barrier and series resistance was obtained by using Norde function along with thermionic emission model. Capacitance-Voltage aspects of Schottky diode have also been discussed in a wide temperature range 700K-1000K and the values of height of barrier were computed. The discrepancy between the outcomes of height of barrier acquired from Norde function and capacitance-voltage aspect have been investigated. A rapid decline was observed in the values of series resistance with increase in temperature.
Computational Technique 3D-Qspr Applied on Fbas By Using Comfa Technique
CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) is a 3D QSAR technique based on data from known active molecules. To apply CoMFA, all that is needed are the activities and the 3D structures of the molecules.3D-QSPR studies are certainly of great importance in different branches of chemistry. This technique leads to locate the close relationship between bulk properties of compounds and their molecular structure.
Risk Management Strategies in Financial Institutions During Economic Crises
This study examined the risk management strategies adopted by financial institutions during economic crises. The research focused on key risk types (credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, operational risk) and evaluated strategies such as capital buffers, asset diversification, liquidity management, and enhanced governance. A survey of 150 banking-sector risk managers and secondary data from 20 financial institutions (2018–2023) were analyzed. Results suggested that institutions that maintained higher capital adequacy ratios, diversified assets, conducted regular stress testing, and enforced strong internal risk governance fared better—maintaining solvency and liquidity—compared to those with weaker frameworks. The findings highlighted the importance of comprehensive risk management frameworks and proactive risk mitigation, especially during systemic economic downturns.
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance in Organizational Settings
This study examined the impact of various leadership styles on employee performance in organizational settings. The research focused on transformational, transactional, democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles to evaluate their effects on employee task performance, job satisfaction, and productivity. A survey was conducted among 200 employees from multiple industries, and regression analysis was performed to assess these relationships. Results indicated that transformational leadership and democratic leadership styles were positively correlated with employee performance, while autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles showed weaker or negative correlations. This paper highlights the importance of leadership style in optimizing employee performance and offers practical recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance productivity and job satisfaction.
Developing a Digital Literacy Based Pedagogical Model for Improving Autonomous Learning among Pre‑Service Teachers
This research explores the formation of a Digital Literacy-Based Pedagogical Model (DL-PM) for self-regulated learning (SRL) among PSTs enrolled in Department of Education, University of Narowal. The notion of digital literacy as a required skill in 21st century teaching and learning is emerging, but pre-service teachers find it difficult to adapt their use of digital media to their own self-regulated learning. The objectives of this study are to identify the critical digital literacy competencies necessary to develop autonomous learners, model these competencies together in a pedagogical model, and investigate the effect those had on PSTs’, self-regulation and digital competence. A qualitative methodology was used with semi-structured interviews, reflective journals and participant observation. The sample for the study pre-service teachers was purposively selected to include participants with experience in digital learning environments. The participants were 30 (15 females and 15 males) pre-service teachers from different study levels, representing various perspectives. Researcher employed thematic analysis which enabled the identification of common themes and sub-themes in relation to digital literacy, independent learning and pedagogical incorporation. The results indicate that PSTs need to develop all of the cognitive, technical and socio-emotional digital literacy skills in order to achieve effective autonomous learning. The DL-PM, comprising curriculum integration, scaffolded instructional strategies, technology and resources support, and formative feedback mechanisms, promoted engaged learning, reflective practices and skill rehearsal. The model intervention positively improved PSTs’ agency, self-regulation and professional readiness, thus validating its transformative nature. This study informs of how designed digital literacy interventions may support independent self-regulated learners in teacher education. The results offer actionable insights for curriculum developers, teacher trainers, and policy makers in their effort to incorporate digital literacy and learner autonomy strategies into education, so as to help students become responsible and self-determined learners who are equipped to address the challenges of modern-day education.
Exploring the Influence of Brain Drain on Generation Alpha Students’ University Enrollment and Academic Development in Pakistan
This research examines the impact of brain drain on the university enrolment and academic career development of Generation Alpha students in Pakistan. Brain drain with outward migration of its professionals and talented young people has serious implications for the quality of higher education, institutional capacity, and talent build up in a nation. The aim of this paper is to realize how brain drain perceptions influence Generation Alpha scholars’ enrollment decisions towards Pakistani universities and their implications for academic development in the country. Qualitative research method was used for which a purposive sample of Generation Alpha Geer students were drawn from different urban and semi-urban areas in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews explored students’ perceptions about the educational experiences of domestic versus international study, financial implications, career opportunities and skilled professional emigration and the influence on their academic life. Thematic analysis techniques were used to determine recurring patterns of interest, governing themes and sub-themes. Generation Alpha learners are particularly interested in the scholarships granted by foreign universities, employment opportunities and research facilities. Declining push factors such as lack of funding, inadequate infrastructure and shortage of the local staff were said to be determining their decisions to enroll. Brain drain is having a negative impact on quality of academic guidance, research and motivation in Pakistani universities. Some recommended that scholarships, better infrastructure, career counseling and policy interventions would motivate students to study within the country and boost the nation’s academic growth. This study provides insights into the generational aspects on brain drain, particularly in regard to student perceptions and enrolment decisions and addresses its wider impact on the academic progress of Pakistan. The study offers recommendations for policy makers, universities and interested parties to formulate policies aimed at retaining talent, improving academic quality and the sustainable development of higher education.