Efficient Breast Segmentation and Pectoral Muscle Removal Technique in Wavelet Domain for Computer-Aided Diagnosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
Pectoral muscle, Mediolateral oblique, Cranial-Caudal, Computer-aided detection systemAbstract
Accurate extraction of the breast boundary and reliable removal of the pectoral muscle are essential preprocessing steps for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer using mammographic images. In this work, a wavelet-domain framework is proposed to effectively segment the breast region and identify the pectoral muscle in mediolateral oblique (MLO) mammograms. The breast region is first delineated using multilevel wavelet decomposition, which enhances structural features while suppressing background noise and imaging artifacts. Subsequently, morphological operations are employed to refine the segmented region and to detect and eliminate the pectoral muscle. The proposed method was evaluated using 322 digital mammograms from the MIAS database, demonstrating high accuracy and robust performance for breast region extraction and pectoral muscle removal.
References
Abbas, M. A., Mahar, J., Hameed, N., & Rasool, M. S. (2025). DFT-Guided Design of a Low-Band-Gap Pyrazoline Scaffold: The Critical Role of a Para-Nitro Substituent. Multidisciplinary Surgical Research Annals, 3(3), 461-503.
Abbas, M. A., Mahar, J., Khan, M. J., Rasool, M. S., & Khan, M. Z. (2025). IN SILICO INVESTIGATION OF 3, 6-DIPHENYL-[1, 2, 4] TRIAZOLO [3, 4-B][1, 3, 4] THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS EGFR MODULATORS FOR LUNG CANCER TREATMENT. The Cancer Research Review, 4(2), 243-308.
Abbas, M. A., Mahar, J., Rasool, M. S., Khan, M. J., & Khan, M. Z. (2025). The Dual Therapeutic Promise of Quinoa: Exploring Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects through Experimental and Computational Models. Multidisciplinary Surgical Research Annals, 3(3), 504-544.
Abbas, M. A., Junaid, M. J. M., Rasool, M. S., & Mahar, J. (2025). Structural and NLO Properties of Novel Organic 4-Bromo-4-Nitrostilbene Crystal: Experimental and DFT Study. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 6(4), 1-20.
Abbas, M. A., Khan, M. Z., Atif, H. M., Shahzad, A., & Mahar, J. (2025). Computer-Aided Analysis of Oxino-bis-Pyrazolederivative as a Potential Breast Cancer Drug Based on DFT, Molecular Docking, and Pharmacokinetic Studies: Compared with the Standard Drug Tamoxifen. Indus Journal of Bioscience Research, 3(6), 535-537.
Ghafoor, A., Abbas, M. A., Ahmad, J., Ali, R., Abbas, M., Ahmad, A., ... & Masood, H. T. (2025). Synthesis and characterization of pyranopyrazole derivatives as potential organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials and density functional theory (DFT) studies. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES, 6(2), 103-116.
Rasool, M. S., Abbas, M. A., Khan, M. J., Mahar, J., & Khan, M. Z. IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL EGFR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS FROM CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD. VIA COMBINATORIAL IN SILICO AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING.
Altaf, R., S. Altaf, M. Hussain, R.U. Shah, R. Ullah, M.I. Ullah, and R. Datta. (2021). Heavy metal accumulation by roadside vegetation and implications for pollution control. PLoS ONE, 16(5): e0249147.
Chen, H., R. Yang, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, Y. Xia and X. Xu. (2021). Foliar application of gibberellin inhibits the cadmium uptake and xylem transport in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 288: 110410.
Hussaini, K.M., J. Akhtar, M. Anwar-ul-Haq and A.A. Maann. (2022). Impact of heavy metals-enriched dust particles on the growth, metal accumulation and gas exchange attributes of various plant species in urban areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(6): 1011–1020.
Korzeniowska, J. and E. Panek. (2019). Trace metal concentrations in Pleurozium schreberi and Taraxacum officinale along road No. 7. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, 26(4): 651–663.
Kumar, V., J. Singh and P. Kumar. (2019). Heavy metals accumulation in crop plants: Sources, response mechanisms, stress tolerance and their effects. Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remedies, 1: 38–57.
Kumar, A., P. Kumar, H. Singh and N. Kumar. (2021). Adaptation and mitigation potential of roadside trees with bio-extraction of heavy metals under vehicular emissions and their impact on physiological traits during seasonal regimes. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 58: 126900.
Kumar, A., H. Singh, G. Kumari, S. Bisht, A. Malik, N. Kumar, and R. Kaushal. (2022). Adaptive resilience of roadside trees to vehicular emissions via leaf enzymatic, physiological, and anatomical trait modulations. Environmental Pollution, 313: 120191.
Luo, S., A. Calderón-Urrea, J. Yu, W. Liao, J. Xie, J. Lv, and Z. Tang. (2020). The role of hydrogen sulfide in plant alleviates heavy metal stress. Plant and Soil, 449: 1– 10.
Martini, A.N., M. Papafotiou, I. Massas and N. Chorianopoulou. (2022). Using the halophyte Crithmum maritimum in green roofs for sustainable urban horticulture: Effect of substrate and nutrient content analysis including potentially toxic elements. Sustainability, 14(8): 4713.
Ray, S. and M. Neogy. (2022). Identification of vehicular emission hyper accumulator and its subsequent use as phytoremediation. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 51(2): 207–216.
Singh, H., S. Bandyopadhyay, A. Kumar, M. Singh, A. Malik, G. Kumari, and P.S. Rawat. (2022). Understanding the physiological and biophysical response of urban roadside plantations for assessing adaptation and mitigation mechanisms toward vehicular emissions. Urban Climate, 44: 101183.
Yoon, J., X. Cao, Q. Zhou and L.Q. Ma. (2006). Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment, 368: 456–464.
Yu, G., J. Ma, P. Jiang, J. Li, J. Gao, S. Qiao and Z. Zhao. (2019). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 310: 052004
