Overcoming Cultural and Religious Misconceptions: Women’s Professional Success in Pakistan

Authors

  • Fatima Shahzadi M.Phil Scholar, Minhaj University Lahore. Author
  • Farah Kainaat Awan M.Phil Scholar, Minhaj University Lahore. Lecturer, Institute for Art and Culture Raiwind Road Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Author
  • Dr. Hafiz Ahmed Ullah (Corresponding Author) Assistant Professor, Institute for Art and Culture Raiwind Road Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Author
  • Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences UVAS Lahore, Pakistan. Author

Keywords:

Woman Workplace, Challenges, Corporate Sector, Pakistan

Abstract

This study explores the obstacles Pakistani women confront in their pursuit of professional achievement by analyzing the intricate interactions between socioeconomic, religious, and cultural factors. It identifies key obstacles include deeply ingrained cultural preconceptions, prevalent patriarchal beliefs, and misunderstanding of religion teachings about women's roles. "Sifarish" (favoritism and nepotism) is a major barrier that has been shown to impede equitable professional development. The research highlights the inadequate implementation of legislative initiatives aimed at supporting women in their careers, highlighting the need for more determined efforts by governmental and business sectors. Working with religious academics to correct misunderstandings regarding women's position in religious texts and starting public awareness efforts to break stereotypes are the recommended treatments. Research shows that women who work have positive effects on their personal life, family dynamics, and society advancement in addition to wider economic benefits like GDP growth.

References

Abalkhail, J. M. (2017). Women and leadership: Challenges and opportunities in Saudi higher education. Career Development International, 22(2), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-03-2016-0029

Afshan, G., Shahid, S., & Tunio, M. N. (2021). Learning experiences of women entrepreneurs amidst COVID-19. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 162–186. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-09-2020-0153

Ali, F., & Kramar, R. (2015). An exploratory study of sexual harassment in Pakistani organizations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(1), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-014-9380-1

Anderson, A., & Ojediran, F. (2022). Perspectives, progress and prospects; Researching women’s entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(2), 292–315. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0214

Asghar, U., & Pervaiz, K. (2020). Service quality of higher education in pursuance of corporate entrepreneurship: A Pakistan-based study. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 391–405.

Atkinson, R., & Flint, J. (2001). Accessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies. Social Research Update, 33(1), 1–4.

Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (5th ed.). Pearson.

Bryman, A. (2004). Qualitative research on leadership: A critical but appreciative review. Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 729–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.007

Bryman, A., Stephens, M., & Campo, C. (1996). The importance of context: Qualitative research and the study of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90025-9

Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.545-547

Chowdhury, T. Y., Yeasmin, A., & Ahmed, Z. (2018). Perception of women entrepreneurs to accessing bank credit. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0119-1

Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Díaz-García, C. (2018). Gender and entrepreneurship at the crossroads: Where do you want to go? In The SAGE handbook of small business and entrepreneurship (pp. 560–576). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Harvard Business School Press.

Ge, E. J., Bush, A. I., Casini, A., Cobine, P. A., Cross, J. R., DeNicola, G. M., Dou, Q. P., Franz, K. J., Gohil, V. M., Gupta, S., Kaler, S. G., Lutsenko, S., Mittal, V., Petris, M. J., Polishchuk, R., Ralle, M., Schilsky, M. L., Tonks, N. K., Vahdat, L. T., & Chang, C. J. (2022). Connecting copper and cancer: From transition metal signalling to metalloplasia. Nature Reviews Cancer, 22(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-021-00417-2

Gupta, M., & Shukla, K. (2018). An empirical clarification on the assessment of engagement at work. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 20(1), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422317741692

Hair, J. F. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.

Haque, N. U. (2016). Women in Pakistan: Status in economic and social sectors. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.

Hoobler, J. M., Masterson, C. R., Nkomo, S. M., & Michel, E. J. (2018). The business case for women leaders: Meta-analysis, research critique, and path forward. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2473–2499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316628643

Hornby, P., & Symon, G. (1994). “Tracer studies,” in C. Cassell & G. Symon (Eds.), Qualitative methods in organizational research: A practical guide (pp. 167-187). SAGE Publications.

Khan, S. (2018). Breaking barriers: Success stories of Pakistani women in corporate sector. Journal of Business and Management.

Memon, M., Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N. (2019). Enablers of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in a developing country. Education + Training, 61(6), 684-699.

Mernissi, F. (2011). Beyond the veil: Male-female dynamics in Muslim society. Saqi Books.

Mernissi, F. (2016). Islam and democracy: Fear of the modern world. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Qureshi, J. A. A., Memon, S. B., & Seaman, C. (2021). Women entrepreneurial leaders as harbingers of economic growth: Evidence from an emerging market of South Asia. 3c Empresa: Investigación y Pensamiento Crítico, 10(3), 137–169.

Rehman, S., & Roomi, M. A. (2012). Gender and work-life balance: A phenomenological study of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(2), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211223865

Rehman, S., & Roomi, M. A. (2017). Gender and work-life balance: A study of working women in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students (6th ed.). Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Shaheed, F. (2016). Gender and society in Pakistan: The changing role of women. South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal.

Siddiqui, A. (2017). Islamic perspective on work-life balance for women. Journal of Islamic Studies.

Tunio, M. N., Chaudhry, I. S., Shaikh, S., Jariko, M. A., & Brahmi, M. (2021). Determinants of the sustainable entrepreneurial engagement of youth in developing country—An empirical evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability, 13(14), 7764. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147764

Downloads

Published

2024-06-30

How to Cite

Overcoming Cultural and Religious Misconceptions: Women’s Professional Success in Pakistan. (2024). International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 5(2), 127-139. https://irjmss.com/index.php/irjmss/article/view/279

Similar Articles

1-10 of 265

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.